Evoloutionary Explanation Of Agg

Question 1

Define the evolutionary explanation

Answer 1

-need to ensure survival of ones genes
-jealousy + infidelity/links to focus on human agg

Question 2

What did Buss + Duntley do?

Answer 2

-identified several adaptive functions of agg, including acquiring resources + increasing status
-2 highly researched functions r defeating sexual rivals + retaining mates

Question 3

Define sexual jealousy

Answer 3

-specific emotional response to the threat of sexual infidelity
-serves to motivate mate-guarding
-behaviour such as agg directed towards one’s partner

Question 4

What is the evolutionary explanation of sexual jealousy?

Answer 4

-major motivator of agg beh in mates
-cuckoldry

Question 5

Definitely cuckoldry

Answer 5

-Men can never be 100% certain whether or not they r father of their child
-paternity uncertainty = result of very real threats for the male of cuckoldry (raise offspring which isn’t own)

Question 6

What’s the issue with cuckoldry according to ev ex

Answer 6

They would waste their reduces on child that isn’t theirs, leaving less to invest in actual bio child
-contributes to survival of rivals gene limiting own evolutionary potential

Question 7

What are Buss’s agg mate retention strategies

Answer 7

-direct guarding (restricting partners independence)
-negative inducement (actual violence/threats of violence)
-emotional manipulation (agg manipulating partners emotions)

Question 8

What did Daly et al find?

Answer 8

Male sexual jealousy is single most common motivation for willing in domestic disputed in USA

Question 9

What did Dell et al find?

Answer 9

17% of all murders in uk can be attributed to male sexual jealousy

Question 10

What did Wilson find?

Answer 10

Report of male retention strategies from women
Statement = men want to know where they r at all times
Those who agreed were 2x as likely to have experienced physical violence
73% medical attention
53% feared for lives

Question 11

Why is bullying an adaptive strategy?

Answer 11

As evolutionary ancestors may have used bullying to increase chances of survival by promoting own health + create opps for reproduction

Question 12

What did volk et al argue?

Answer 12

Characteristics associated with bullying behaviour r attractive to females ( dominance, acquisition of resources + strength)
Stopping potential risks
Bullying behaviour is naturally selected as males = greater reproduction

Question 13

How does female bullying occur?

Answer 13

-controlling partner
-bully to secure partners fidelity
-so partner continues to provide recourses for future offspring

Question 14

Strength of ev ex

Answer 14

-can be used to reduce bullying
-Ellis et al suggested alternative strategy to give bullies roles/responsibillities
-bullying as an adaptive behaviour may lead to more effective anti-bullying interventions

Question 15

Strength of ev ex ( differ)

Answer 15

-can explain why males = females differ in uses of agg
-Anne Campbell not adaptive for females with offspring to be physicallay agg as survival at own risk
-more adaptive strategy = verbal agg to retain partner who provides recourses which explained why women tend to display verbal agg over physical
-therefore such arguments can provide support for ve ex to ex agg

Question 16

Limitation of ev ex

Answer 16

Substantial cultural differences in agg beh
Some culture where agg is non-existent
Botswana = neg attitudes towards agg ( diminished status if so) very rare
-therefore some cultures don’t show aggressiveness, such beh may not necessarily be adaptive

Question 17

Limitation of ev ex (bio)

Answer 17

-biologicallly determinism
-evolutionary explanation = agg stems from biological aspects, no control
-however could be stemmed from cultural/social
Disregards other factors