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Preeti: Toxicology > Insecticides: Crossword Questions > Flashcards

Insecticides: Crossword Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM is contraindicated

A

Carbaryl

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2
Q

Naphthalene causes this type of damage to RBCs

A

oxidative

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3
Q

Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self-decontamination

A

CRTZ

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4
Q

IV _______ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly

lipophilic toxins

A

lipid

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5
Q

Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism

A

Rotenone

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6
Q

Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins

on neuronal sodium channels

A

Knockdown

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7
Q

Acidification of urine can _______ excretion of Nicotine

A

increase

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8
Q

Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity

A

Methocarbamol

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9
Q

The half-life of Ivermectin is ______ than that of Amitraz

A

longer

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10
Q

Specific antagonist for Amitraz toxicity

A

Atipamazole

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11
Q

Dose repeatedly with ______________

if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling

A

Activated charcoal

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12
Q

Where most Ivermectin is excreted intact

A

feces

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13
Q

This happens to organochlorines in fat animals

A

redistribution

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14
Q

Protein responsible for keeping Ivermectin out of the CNS

A

P-glycoprotein

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15
Q

Suspected to be part of D-Limonene’s mechanism of action

A

Hypotension

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16
Q

Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures

present

A

Emesis

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17
Q

Organophosphate bond to Ach-esterase,

different from Carbamates

A

irreversible

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18
Q

Toxin with a very rapid onset that can

be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy

A

Nicotine

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19
Q

Onset and duration of Carbamate toxicity is

usually ________ than Organophosphate

A

faster

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20
Q

Naphthalene mothballs do this in water

A

Float

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21
Q

Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity

A

Atropine

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22
Q

Channels that organochlorines target

A

sodium-channels

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23
Q

Most sensitive to pyrethrins

A

Fish

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24
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of

the toxicity with Ivermectin

A

GABA

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25
Q

CNS _________ is a common presenting sign of

Amitraz toxicity

A

CNS depression

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26
Q

Perhaps the most prominent sign of pyrethrin toxicity

A

Tremors

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27
Q

Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity

and it can prolong clinical signs

A

hypothermia

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28
Q

Very high lipophilicity of DDT has lead to this in the food chain

A

Bioaccumulation

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29
Q

Organochlorine toxicity usually causes

_________ of the CNS

A

Stimulation

30
Q

Clinically found in cats with Naphthalene toxicity

A

Methemoglobin

31
Q

Nicotine, organophosphates, and carbamates all

mimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

32
Q

Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these

A

Kidneys

33
Q

These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because

of their alpha-cyano group

A

Type 2

34
Q

Can greatly enhance absorption of Rotenone

A

oils

35
Q

Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids

(like Fenvalerate)

A

DEET

36
Q

A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis

A

seizures

37
Q

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively

________ in air and light

A

unstable

38
Q

Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this,

different from fish and insects

A

nontoxic

39
Q

Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue

confirms exposure but NOT toxicity

A

Fat

40
Q

With organophosphates, this kind of polyneuropathy is

sometimes seen

A

delayed

41
Q

Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide

A

pyrethrum

42
Q

The receptors first affected by Ach-esterase inhibitors

A

muscarinic

43
Q

With nicotine toxicity, a _______ urine pH

will reduce excretion

A

high

44
Q

D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel

or treat this parasite

A

flea

45
Q

Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate

that requires this for toxicity

A

bioactivation

46
Q

Dichlorvos is unique among organophosphates in that

it can do this in fat

A

sequester

47
Q

Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamate toxicity

results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors

A

blockade

48
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with

this product

A

D-limonene

49
Q

If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of

CNS depression, hypotension, and a wet oily spot on their back,

you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this

A

Citrus

50
Q

An RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can

be seen in Naphthalene toxicity

A

Heinz Body

51
Q

Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion

A

Rotenone

52
Q

Piperonyl butoxide is often added to pyrethroids to do

this to their metabolism

A

slow

53
Q

Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity

A

Cat

54
Q

An excitatory neurotoxin in dogs and cats for which

the mechanism of action has not been determined

A

DEET

55
Q

Organophosphates may undergo storage ___________

but Carbamates do not

A

activation

56
Q

Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure

A

rapid

57
Q

P-glycoprotein acts as this type of pump to keep Ivermectin

out of the CNS

A

efflux

58
Q

Sometimes seen in Amitraz toxicity due to

the toxin’s effects on insulin

A

hyperglycemia

59
Q

Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common

cause for this toxicity

A

pyrethroid

60
Q

Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to

partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action

of what toxin group?

A

Organochlorine

61
Q

Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity

because of this feature of the toxin

A

lipophilicity

62
Q

Carbamate bond to Ach-esterase, which is part of the reason

2-PAM is less effective

A

reversible

63
Q

Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants, you may see

CNS _________

A

depression

64
Q

A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone

A

inhalation

65
Q

A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (Mitotane)

which can affect this gland

A

Adrenal

66
Q

Functional adaptation and receptor downregulation can account

for this, seen in some chronic OP exposures

A

tolerance

67
Q

Decontamination therapy for D-Limonene exposure

will usually involve this

A

bathing

68
Q

Has a very long half life (YEARS) in soil

A

DDT

69
Q

OPs that require lethal synthesis are generally _____ toxic to

very young animals

A

less

70
Q

Minimum # of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5 kg dog

if ingested

A

ONE

Preeti: Toxicology (6 decks)

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