Insecticides: Crossword Questions Flashcards
Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM is contraindicated
Carbaryl
Naphthalene causes this type of damage to RBCs
oxidative
Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self-decontamination
CRTZ
IV _______ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly
lipophilic toxins
lipid
Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism
Rotenone
Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins
on neuronal sodium channels
Knockdown
Acidification of urine can _______ excretion of Nicotine
increase
Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity
Methocarbamol
The half-life of Ivermectin is ______ than that of Amitraz
longer
Specific antagonist for Amitraz toxicity
Atipamazole
Dose repeatedly with ______________
if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling
Activated charcoal
Where most Ivermectin is excreted intact
feces
This happens to organochlorines in fat animals
redistribution
Protein responsible for keeping Ivermectin out of the CNS
P-glycoprotein
Suspected to be part of D-Limonene’s mechanism of action
Hypotension
Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures
present
Emesis
Organophosphate bond to Ach-esterase,
different from Carbamates
irreversible
Toxin with a very rapid onset that can
be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy
Nicotine
Onset and duration of Carbamate toxicity is
usually ________ than Organophosphate
faster
Naphthalene mothballs do this in water
Float
Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity
Atropine
Channels that organochlorines target
sodium-channels
Most sensitive to pyrethrins
Fish
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of
the toxicity with Ivermectin
GABA
CNS _________ is a common presenting sign of
Amitraz toxicity
CNS depression
Perhaps the most prominent sign of pyrethrin toxicity
Tremors
Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity
and it can prolong clinical signs
hypothermia
Very high lipophilicity of DDT has lead to this in the food chain
Bioaccumulation
Organochlorine toxicity usually causes
_________ of the CNS
Stimulation
Clinically found in cats with Naphthalene toxicity
Methemoglobin
Nicotine, organophosphates, and carbamates all
mimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these
Kidneys
These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because
of their alpha-cyano group
Type 2
Can greatly enhance absorption of Rotenone
oils
Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids
(like Fenvalerate)
DEET
A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis
seizures
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively
________ in air and light
unstable
Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this,
different from fish and insects
nontoxic
Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue
confirms exposure but NOT toxicity
Fat
With organophosphates, this kind of polyneuropathy is
sometimes seen
delayed
Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide
pyrethrum
The receptors first affected by Ach-esterase inhibitors
muscarinic
With nicotine toxicity, a _______ urine pH
will reduce excretion
high
D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel
or treat this parasite
flea
Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate
that requires this for toxicity
bioactivation
Dichlorvos is unique among organophosphates in that
it can do this in fat
sequester
Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamate toxicity
results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors
blockade
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with
this product
D-limonene
If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of
CNS depression, hypotension, and a wet oily spot on their back,
you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this
Citrus
An RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can
be seen in Naphthalene toxicity
Heinz Body
Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion
Rotenone
Piperonyl butoxide is often added to pyrethroids to do
this to their metabolism
slow
Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity
Cat
An excitatory neurotoxin in dogs and cats for which
the mechanism of action has not been determined
DEET
Organophosphates may undergo storage ___________
but Carbamates do not
activation
Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure
rapid
P-glycoprotein acts as this type of pump to keep Ivermectin
out of the CNS
efflux
Sometimes seen in Amitraz toxicity due to
the toxin’s effects on insulin
hyperglycemia
Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common
cause for this toxicity
pyrethroid
Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to
partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action
of what toxin group?
Organochlorine
Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity
because of this feature of the toxin
lipophilicity
Carbamate bond to Ach-esterase, which is part of the reason
2-PAM is less effective
reversible
Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants, you may see
CNS _________
depression
A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone
inhalation
A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (Mitotane)
which can affect this gland
Adrenal
Functional adaptation and receptor downregulation can account
for this, seen in some chronic OP exposures
tolerance
Decontamination therapy for D-Limonene exposure
will usually involve this
bathing
Has a very long half life (YEARS) in soil
DDT
OPs that require lethal synthesis are generally _____ toxic to
very young animals
less
Minimum # of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5 kg dog
if ingested
ONE
