Exam 1: Pesticides Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

After absorption and distribution, organophosphate

pesticides have the highest concentration in

which of the following?

Liver, Kidney, Heart, Brain, or None of these?

None of these

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which are the most long lasting insecticides

in the environment?:

Carbamates

Pyrethrins

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Organophosphates

Amitraz

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following clinical signs would be LEAST

expected in carbamate toxicosis in a Hereford Heifer?

Convulsive seizure

Muscle tremors

Miosis

Diarrhea

Dyspnea

Convulsive seizure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the BEST sample from a DEAD cat to submit

to confirm toxicosis by chlorinated hydrocarbons?

Kidney, Body fat, Brain, Serum, Urine

Brain!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following insecticides causes

cardiovascular collapse and respiratory depression

MAINLY as an a-2 adrenergic agonist?

Pyrethroids

Amitraz

Rotenone

D-limonene

Nicotine

Amitraz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following should NOT be added to gastric lavage

in a dog poisoned with Strychnine?

Ammonium chloride

Tincture of iodine

Potassium permanganate

Activated charcoal

Sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The rodenticide characterized by acetylene odor is:

Zinc Phosphide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following drugs can be used to control the CNS

effects of Strychnine EXCEPT:

Barbiturates

Benzos

Phenothiazines

Xylazine

Guaifenesin

Phenothiazines

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following may INCREASE the effects of

Warfarin EXCEPT:

Phenylbutazone

Aspirin

Heparin

Phenobarbital

Chloramphenicol

Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following rodenticides causes cerebral

and spinal edema mainly by uncoupling phosphorylation and

inhibiting ATP?

Cholecalciferol

Zinc Phosphide

Strychnine

Bromethalin

Fluoroacetate

Bromethalin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following are LEAST likely clinical signs

of fluoroacetate (compound 1080) toxicosis in the Horse?

Colic, trembling, and staggering

Tachycardia, arrhythmias, and ventricular fibrillation

Clonic-tonic convulsive seizures and opisthotonus

Signs of respiratory insufficiency

Clonic-tonic convulsive seizures and opisthotonos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which species is MOST sensitive to

phenoxy derivatives of fatty acids (2,4-D herbicides)?

Dogs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Early death in Metaldehyde toxicosis is mainly due to:

Respiratory failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The most required specimen for chem analysis in

Metaldehyde toxicosis is:

Stomach contents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To help confirm dx of organophosphate poisoning

in a dead angus steer, you should look for the parent compound

in which specimen?

Rumen content

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pyrethrins have low toxicity to mammals MAINLY because:

They are metabolized rapidly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The MOST sensitive species to Rotenone toxicity is:

Fish!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which insecticide is MOST likely to cause

hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia?

Naphthalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which insecticide causes the most

rapid onset and duration of clinical signs?

Nicotine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The specimen of choice for chem analysis of Strychnine in

a live animal is:

Urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following can be used to control the convulsions

in Strychnine poisoning EXCEPT:

Pentobarbital

Thiopental

Butorphanol

Diazepam

Methocarbamol

Butorphanol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If the type of rodenticide is unknown, duration of antidotal

therapy should be:

3 - 4 weeks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The specimen of choice for chem analysis of

anticoagulant rodenticides in a live animal is:

blood or serum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in

decontamination in Strychnine poisoning?

induced emesis

gastric lavage

activated charcoal

antacids

diluted tannic acid solution

Antacids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which species of animal is MOST sensitive to Strychnine toxicosis?

Cattle

Which of the following statements is true about the MOA of Warfarin? _{It inhibits the precursor proteins of clotting factors 2,7,9,10} _{It increases the metabolism of vitamin K dependent clotting factors} _{It activates the precursor proteins of clotting factors 2,7,9,10} _{It stimulates carboxylation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors} _{It inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase}

_{It inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase}

T/F DEET is used as an insect repellent and is absorbed by the GIT but not the skin

FALSE

T/F: Picrotoxin is the antidote for Ivermectin and has a wide safety margin in dogs, but not in cats

FALSE

T/F: Administration of Vitamin K1 immediately reverses the action of anticoagulant rodenticides

FALSE

Decreased blood coagulability after exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides is MAINLY due to:

Decreased prothrombin and coagulation factors 7, 9, 10

The toxicant that most likely causes calcification of soft tissues

Cholecalciferol

Which is LEAST likely to be used in decontamination in Nicotine poisoning? induced emesis gastric lavage activated charcoal antacids diluted tannic acid solution

antacids

Atropine is useful in the treatment of organophosphate toxicosis because it antagonizes all of the following EXCEPT: Miosis Excessive Salivation Bradycardia Muscle Fasciculation GI Hypermotility

Muscle fasciculation

What can be used to treat organophosphate poisoning in dogs?

Atropine 2-PAM Activated charcoal Diphenhydramine

How does 2-PAM antagonize the toxic effects of organophosphates?

Reactivation of acetylcholinesterase

Which of the following has a relatively long half life? OPs Chlorinated hydrocarbons Carbamates Pyrethroids Rotenone

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Pyrethrins are botanical insecticides that: a. inhibit cholinesterase b. are metabolized to toxic metabolites c. are slowly eliminated from the body d. are antagonized with piperonyl butoxide e. produce clinical signs similar to acute OP toxicosis

e. produce clinical signs similar to acute OP toxicosis

Which of the following is LEAST likely associated with Amitraz toxicosis? Sedation Constipation Hypoglycemia Hypotension Bradycardia

Hypoglycemia

Blood transfusion is MOST likely in toxicosis by which of the following?: Pyrethroids Amitraz Naphthalene DEET Nicotine

Naphthalene

A dog showing signs of anorexia, vomiting blood, cardia arrhythmias, PU/PD is MOST likely intoxicated by: Carbamate Pyrethroids Warfarin Cholecalciferol Bromethalin

Cholecalciferol

The route of choice in administration of vitamin K is:

ORAL

List the species in order of DECREASING sensitivity to anticoagulant rodenticides

Pig\> dog,cat\> ruminant\> horse\> chicken

What is the BEST speciment to use in confirming Cholecalciferol dx in a live dog?

SERUM

Which of the following pesticides is MOST toxic? Pyrethrin Chlorinated hydrocarbons Carbamate Organophosphates Rotenone

Organophosphates

What is the most common cause of acute death in cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity?

Respiratory failure

An insecticide that most likely inhibits electron transport by inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucelotide (NADH) dehydrogenase is:

Rotenone

Which of the following BEST characterizes chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides? Currently, they are very commonly used because of low mammalian toxicity _{Bioactivation in the food chain} _{More toxic to fish than to any other species} _{Produce clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's) in dogs} _{Increases the toxic effects of organophosphates due to enzyme inhibition}

_{Bioactivation in the food chain}

Which insecticide causes hyperglycemia due to inhibition of insulin secretion?

Amitraz

Which of the following coagulation tests is considered MOST sensitive and accurate in dx of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis? PT OSPT APTT PIVKA

PIVKA | (Proteins Induced by Vitamin K Absence)

The specimen of choice to confirm exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides in a DEAD animals is:

LIVER

T/F: Piperonyl butoxide is added to pyrethrin insecticides to * increase* their insecticidal activity while * decreasing* toxicity to mammals

FALSE

The presence of food in the stomach is MOST likely to INCREASE toxicity of which of the following? Warfarin Bromethalin Fluoroacetate Zinc Phosphide

Zinc Phosphide

Inhibition of the citric acid cycle by inhibiting aconitase enzyme is the MOA for which of the following? Bromethalin Strychnine Cholecalciferol Fluoroacetate

Fluoroacetate

Acute Zinc Phosphide toxicosis is MAINLY due to:

Liberation of phosphine gas in the GIT

The species MOST sensitive to Fluoroacetate toxicosis is:

DOGS

Metaldehyde toxicosis is associated with prominent nervous signs and convulsive seizures which are MOST likely to be elicitable by external stimuli in which species?

CATS

The hebicides that alter plant metabolism increasing toxicity by improving plant palatability and increasing toxin content are:

Phenoxy derivatives of fatty acids

T/F: Warfarin acts as an anticoagulant in-vivo and in-vitro by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, inhibiting activation of Vit K dependent clotting factors

FALSE

Clinical signs of delayed organophosphate toxicosis are MAINLY due to:

peripheral neurotoxicity

Atropine is a specific antidote for all of the following EXCEPT: OPs Carbamates Chlorinated hydrocarbons Mushroom Physostigmine

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Immediate administration of this drug can treat muscle fasciculation resulting from organophosphate toxicosis

2-PAM

Collies are more sensitive to Ivermectin toxicity that other dogs because:

Collies lack a complete gene for a transport protein that pumps ivermectin out of the brain and back into the blood

All of the following can be used to control the convulsions in Strychnine toxicosis EXCEPT: Pentobarbital Thiopental Ketamine Diazepam Methocarbamol

Ketamine

A dog showing autonomic signs including vomiting, colic, diarrhea, mydriasis, dyspnea; nervous signs including convulsions; locomotor signs including ataxia; then recovers to show signs of liver failure and metabolic acidosis 2 - 3 days later, is most likely intoxicated by

METALDEHYDE

Which is LEAST likely to be used in the tx of OP toxicosis? Atropine Fluids Oxygen Succinylcholine

Succinylcholine

The animals MOST sensitive to Strychnine toxicosis are:

Large domestic animals

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to cause clinical signs of toxicosis within 24 hours of exposure? Strychnine Brodifacoum Organophosphate Pyrethroids

Brodifacoum

Which of the following toxicoses is LEAST likely to be a DDX of Fluoroacetate (compound 1080) toxicosis in dogs? Strychnine Zinc Phosphide Chlorinated hydrocarbons D-limonene Bromethalin

D-limonene

All of the following can be used to tx hypercalcemia associated with cholecalciferol toxicosis EXCEPT: normal saline calcitonin thiazine diuretics loop diuretics glucocorticoids

thiazine diuretics

T/F: Caged birds are the most sensitive animals to Zinc Phosphide toxicosis

TRUE

Metaldehyde toxicosis is associated with prominent nervous signs and convulsive seizures which are NOT elicitable by external stimuli in which species?

Dogs

Which toxicosis is most likely to be associated with a formaldehyde odor in the stomach contents of an animal during postmortem exam?

Metaldehyde

Which toxicant is most likely to be associated with an elevation of citrate in the blood or kidney tissue?

Fluoroacetate (compound 1080)

Which toxicant has the following lesions in most species? Gastroenteritis which may be hemorrhagic Pulmonary congestion and edema Congestion of liver and kidney Dead fish (acetylene odor) in the stomach

Zinc Phosphide

T/F: Repeated exposure to small amounts of Strychnine over time is MORE toxic than a large single exposure

FALSE

Which rodenticide is MOST likely to cause increased ICP and posterior paralysis?

Bromethalin

Which of the following is a biphosphonate and acts as a specific inhibitor of bone resorption and can be used in treatment of cholecalciferol toxicosis?

Pamidronate disodium

The MOST sensitive animals to Zinc Phosphide toxicosis are

Caged birds

T/F: CATS that recover from the acute phase of metaldehyde toxicosis develop liver failure within 2 - 3 days of exposure

FALSE

Which of the following statements is true concerning both ethylene glycol and cholecalciferol? Dogs are most sensitive Absorbed mainly from intact skin Metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase Cause precipitation of calcium in the kidney tubules Excreted unchanged in urine

Cause precipitation of calcium in the kidney tubules