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Preeti: Toxicology > Exam 1 Practice Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine is useful in the treatment of organophosphate toxicosis because it

antagonizes all of the following effects EXCEPT:

a. Miosis
b. excessive salivation
c. bradycardia
d. muscle fasciculation
e. GI hypermotility

A

D. Atropine does not antagonize muscle fasciculation

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2
Q

The first clinical signs of organophosphate poisoning

are mainly due to:

A

muscarinic stimulation

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3
Q

If the type of rodenticide anticoagulant is unknown,

the duration of Vit K1 treatment should be:

A

3 - 4 weeks

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4
Q

Toxicity of a new chemical is 3 mg/kg for lambs. If lambs

eat 6% of their BW, what will be the concentration of this

chemical in ppm in feed for a lamb weighing 11 pounds?

A

50 ppm

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5
Q

Dog waws brought into the hospital showing the following signs:

miosis, excessive salivation, urination, muscle fasciculation, seizures, and difficulty breathing. What is the FIRST procedure to be instituted?

A

Artificial respiration!

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6
Q

Carbamate and organophosphate pesticides have the following in common EXCEPT

a. sources of poisoning are generally similar
b. both are lipid soluble and can penetrate the intact skin
c. both can be activated by storage
d. both are quickly eliminated
e. both have clinical signs due to excess acetylcholine

A

C. ONLY OP can be activated by storage!

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7
Q

Decreased blood coagulability due to anticoagulant rodenticides

is mainly due to

A

Decreased prothrombin and coagulation factors 7, 9, 10

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8
Q

A toxicant most likely to cause calcification of soft tissues is:

A

Cholecalciferol

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9
Q

Which of the following should NOT be used in tx of

organophosphate poisoning in dogs?

a. Acepromazine
b. Atropine
c. Activated Charcoal
d. Diphenhydramine
e. Diazepam

A

a. Acepromazine should NOT be used to tx dogs in OP poisoning

Also, NO enzyme inducers like phenobarbital, and no esterase

competitive drugs like phenothiazine

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10
Q

Which pesticide is LEAST toxic in YOUNG animals?

Organophosphates or Carbamates?

A

OPs because is requires enzyme activation, so it is LESS

toxic to young animals!

Carbamate does not require enzyme activation, so it is MORE

toxic to young animals!

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11
Q

2-PAM antagonizes the toxic effects of organophosphates

by:

A

reactivation of acetylcholinesterase!

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12
Q

To treat anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis,

Vit K1 supplementation is indicated. What is the best

route for Vit K1 supplementation?

A

ORAL! (+ a fatty meal)

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of

anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

They inhibit activation of clotting factors 2,7,9,10 (1972)

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14
Q

Administration of the following drugs may INCREASE Warfarin (anticoagulant rodenticide)

toxicity EXCEPT:

a. aspirin
b. sulfonamides
c. phenobarbital
d. steroids
e. thyroxine

A

Phenobarbital (c)

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15
Q

List the species in order of decreasing sensitivity

to anticoagulant rodenticides

A

Pig>Dog and Cat> Ruminant>Horse>Chicken

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16
Q

What is the BEST sample for chemical analysis

to help confirm a diagnosis of cholecalciferol toxicosis

in a LIVE german shepherd?

A

SERUM

17
Q

Cholecalciferol toxicosis is LEAST likely to be associated with which of the following changes?

a. hypercalcemia
b. hypokalemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. elevated creatinine
e. elevated BUN

A

C. hypophosphatemia

(It is associated with HYPERphosphatemia!)

18
Q

Activated charcoal is LEAST effective in adsorption of:

a. insecticides
b. alkaloids
c. bacterial toxins
d. glycosides
e. cyanide

A

e. cyanide

19
Q

After absorption and distribution, organophosphate pecticides have the highest concentration in which of the following?

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. heart
d. brain
e. none of the above

A

E. none of the above!

(OPs have complete absorption)

20
Q

Which of the following insecticides is LEAST toxic to

young calves than to adult cattle?

a. Dichlorvos
b. Methoxychlor
c. Lindane
d. Parathion
e. Pyrethrin

A

d. Parathion

(Parathion is an OP, which are all less toxic in young animals due to requiring storage activation)

21
Q

What is the best sample to submit to a toxicology lab

to confirm organophosphate poisoning in a LIVE cow?

A

WHOLE blood!

22
Q

An immediate reversal of the anticoagulant effects of

warfarin rodenticides can be produced by intravenous:

A

Infusion of WHOLE blood

23
Q

Vitamin D3 rodenticide toxicosis is associated with:

a. hypercalcemia
b. hyperphosphatemia
c. hyperkalemia
d. all of the above
e. just a & b

A

E. Just a & b

Hypercalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia

but NOT hyperkalemia!

24
Q
A

Preeti: Toxicology (6 decks)

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