Exam 1: Intro, Calculations, Toxicokinetics, Safety Testing, Dx, and Tx Principles Flashcards
The dose which will produce alterations, and administering
2x this dose is lethal is called the
Toxic Dose High (TDH)
The amount of poison that under specific conditions will result
in detrimental biologic changes is called:
Toxicity
A compound that has an LD50 of 100 mg/kg is
considered _______ toxic
moderately toxic
You want to add growth promoter arsanilic acid to pig feed
at 550 ppm. The amount of the acid needed for 5 tons of feed
is?
2.5 kg
If the toxic level of a drug in feed is 50 ppm for a 20lb pig,
and a pig eats 8% of BW, the estimated toxicity on a mg/kg
BW basis is?
4.0 mg/kg BW
You wish to prepare a chlorhexidine solution at 150 ppm.
How much of a 2% chlorhexidine solution do you need to
add to water to make 1 gallon of 150 ppm chlorhexidine solution?
1 fluid ounce
A blood lead concentration is reported as 90 mg/dL.
This is equal to _______ ppm
9 mg/dL = 900 ppm
Acceptable drug residue level in a cow’s milk is 5 ppb.
The concentration of the drug in milk is 160 ppb. If the 1/2 life
of elimination is 5 days, how long should you withhold milk from
this cow?
25 days
A toxicant metabolized by oxidative enzymes has the
fastest rate of metabolism in which species?
Cows
In submitting specimens to a tox lab, which statement is
LEAST accurate?
a. Tissue specimens should be frozen
b. Tissues can be preserved in 10% formalin for histopath
c. Whole blood samples should be frozen
d. Specimen should be free of debris and contamination
c. Whole blood samples should NOT be frozen
The preferred method for preserving tissues for chem analysis
is?
FREEZING
The dose that will produce alterations but administering
2x this dose will NOT result in lethality is the:
Toxic Dose Low (TDL)
The chronicity factor is the ratio between:
acute LD50: chronic LD50
In a chem analysis, the result is expressed as
9 micrograms/gram. This is equal to _______%
0.0009%
If a toxicant is inactivated by hydroxylation, which animal
is MORE RESISTANT to its actions?
Cattle
The effect of a toxicant produced by daily exposure for
30 days or less is described as ______ toxicosis
subacute toxicosis
In a chem analysis, the result is expressed as
67 micrograms/gram. This is equal to ____%?
0.0067%
A compound with an LD50 of 3 g/kg is considered
______ toxic
slightly toxic
A blood lead concentration reported as 50 mg/dL is
equal to ______ppm
500 ppm
The primary chemical reactions involved in biotransformation
of toxicants by the body are:
Conjugation, Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis
Activated charcoal is LEAST effective as an adsorbent to which
of the following?
insecticides
ethanol
zootoxins
alkaloids
rodenticides
Ethanol
The MOST reliable method for identifying a toxicant responsible
for toxicosis is
chemical analysis of the blood or tissues
T/F:
Generally, compounds with cumulative effects
have a chronicity factor less than 2
FALSE
A compound with an LD50 of 70 mg/kg
is considered _______ toxic
moderately toxic
if toxicity of acetaminophen (Tylenol) is dependent on
an oxidized reactive metabolite produced by phase 1
oxidizing p450 enzymes, pretreatment with which of the following
may INCREASE toxicity of acetaminophen?
Cimetidine
Atropine
Phenobarbital
Erythromycin
Phenobarbital!
The MOST common biotransformation reaction of
xenobiotics is
Oxidation
An epileptic dog treated with phenobarbital is showing signs
of toxicity. Which agent would you use to enhance renal
excretion of phenobarbital?
Sodium bicarbonate!
Which of the following drugs is used to reduce brain swelling
due to toxicosis in animals?
Aspirin
Diazepam
Morphine
Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
