Exam 1: Intro, Calculations, Toxicokinetics, Safety Testing, Dx, and Tx Principles

Question 1

The dose which will produce alterations, and administering

2x this dose is lethal is called the

Answer 1

Toxic Dose High (TDH)

Question 2

The amount of poison that under specific conditions will result

in detrimental biologic changes is called:

Answer 2

Toxicity

Question 3

A compound that has an LD50 of 100 mg/kg is

considered _______ toxic

Answer 3

moderately toxic

Question 4

You want to add growth promoter arsanilic acid to pig feed

at 550 ppm. The amount of the acid needed for 5 tons of feed

is?

Answer 4

2.5 kg

Question 5

If the toxic level of a drug in feed is 50 ppm for a 20lb pig,

and a pig eats 8% of BW, the estimated toxicity on a mg/kg

BW basis is?

Answer 5

4.0 mg/kg BW

Question 6

You wish to prepare a chlorhexidine solution at 150 ppm.

How much of a 2% chlorhexidine solution do you need to

add to water to make 1 gallon of 150 ppm chlorhexidine solution?

Answer 6

1 fluid ounce

Question 7

A blood lead concentration is reported as 90 mg/dL.

This is equal to _______ ppm

Answer 7

9 mg/dL = 900 ppm

Question 8

Acceptable drug residue level in a cow’s milk is 5 ppb.

The concentration of the drug in milk is 160 ppb. If the 1/2 life

of elimination is 5 days, how long should you withhold milk from

this cow?

Answer 8

25 days

Question 9

A toxicant metabolized by oxidative enzymes has the

fastest rate of metabolism in which species?

Answer 9

Cows

Question 10

In submitting specimens to a tox lab, which statement is

LEAST accurate?

a. Tissue specimens should be frozen
b. Tissues can be preserved in 10% formalin for histopath
c. Whole blood samples should be frozen
d. Specimen should be free of debris and contamination

Answer 10

c. Whole blood samples should NOT be frozen

Question 11

The preferred method for preserving tissues for chem analysis

is?

Answer 11

FREEZING

Question 12

The dose that will produce alterations but administering

2x this dose will NOT result in lethality is the:

Answer 12

Toxic Dose Low (TDL)

Question 13

The chronicity factor is the ratio between:

Answer 13

acute LD50: chronic LD50

Question 14

In a chem analysis, the result is expressed as

9 micrograms/gram. This is equal to _______%

Answer 14

0.0009%

Question 15

If a toxicant is inactivated by hydroxylation, which animal

is MORE RESISTANT to its actions?

Answer 15

Cattle

Question 16

The effect of a toxicant produced by daily exposure for

30 days or less is described as ______ toxicosis

Answer 16

subacute toxicosis

Question 17

In a chem analysis, the result is expressed as

67 micrograms/gram. This is equal to ____%?

Answer 17

0.0067%

Question 18

A compound with an LD50 of 3 g/kg is considered

______ toxic

Answer 18

slightly toxic

Question 19

A blood lead concentration reported as 50 mg/dL is

equal to ______ppm

Answer 19

500 ppm

Question 20

The primary chemical reactions involved in biotransformation

of toxicants by the body are:

Answer 20

Conjugation, Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis

Question 21

Activated charcoal is LEAST effective as an adsorbent to which

of the following?

insecticides

ethanol

zootoxins

alkaloids

rodenticides

Answer 21

Ethanol

Question 22

The MOST reliable method for identifying a toxicant responsible

for toxicosis is

Answer 22

chemical analysis of the blood or tissues

Question 23

T/F:

Generally, compounds with cumulative effects

have a chronicity factor less than 2

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

A compound with an LD50 of 70 mg/kg

is considered _______ toxic

Answer 24

moderately toxic

Question 25

if toxicity of acetaminophen (Tylenol) is dependent on

an oxidized reactive metabolite produced by phase 1

oxidizing p450 enzymes, pretreatment with which of the following

may INCREASE toxicity of acetaminophen?

Cimetidine

Atropine

Phenobarbital

Erythromycin

Answer 25

Phenobarbital!

Question 26

The MOST common biotransformation reaction of

xenobiotics is

Answer 26

Oxidation

Question 27

An epileptic dog treated with phenobarbital is showing signs

of toxicity. Which agent would you use to enhance renal

excretion of phenobarbital?

Answer 27

Sodium bicarbonate!

Question 28

Which of the following drugs is used to reduce brain swelling

due to toxicosis in animals?

Aspirin

Diazepam

Morphine

Glucocorticoids

Answer 28

Glucocorticoids