INP midterm - INTEGRATION

Question 1

How is the Immunity lecture connected with the Liver lecture?

Answer 1

–> Transplantation: immunosuppressive agents

–> Liver failure can be caused by autoimmune disorder (ex. Autoimmune hepatitis)

–> Steatohepatitis, NASH: inflammation

Question 2

How is the Immunity lecture connected with the GI lecture?

Answer 2

–> Allergies often affect the GI tract

–> Irritable bowel syndrome: Immune/inflammatory response to food chemicals & components (FODMAPS) with increased gut permeability results in inflammation and cytokine release in which TH activity causes mast cell degranulation and serotonin, histamine, protease release—inflammatory response

–> Inflammatory bowel disease

–> Celiac disease: non-IgE response to gluten (not an allergy; an autoimmune disorder)

Question 3

How is the GI lecture connected with the Oral Health lecture?

Answer 3

Dental manifestations of Celiac disease –> dry mouth, canker sores in mouth, frequent cavities, eroding enamel)

Question 4

How is the GI lecture connected with the Liver lecture?

Answer 4

–> IBD can lead to autoimmune hepatitis (not common)

–> IBD can lead to hepatic steatosis and cholelithiasis(gallstones) (common)

Question 5

How is the Eating Disorders lecture connected with the Oral Health lecture?

Answer 5

–> Anorexia—undernutrition/nutrient deficiencies (xerostomia, insufficient calcium promotes tooth decay)

–> Purging—acid hitting back of teeth and breaking down enamel, making teeth susceptible to decay

–> Medications for EDs can cause xerostomia, which produces an environment in which saliva can not protect the teeth

Question 6

How is the Kidney lecture connected with the Liver lecture?

Answer 6

–> Urea metabolism: Liver detoxifies, kidney excretes

–> Insulin metabolism: Kidneys and liver are responsible for catabolism

Question 7

How is the Kidney lecture connected with the Immunity lecture?

Answer 7

(Immunity) Immunosuppression –> infections –> systemic inflammation –> chronic oxidative stress –> vascular damage + artherosclerosis –> hypertension (Kidney)

main point:
high renin and angiotensin in kidney + immunosuppression -> hypertension