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MGMT1003 > Innovation & Change > Flashcards

Innovation & Change Flashcards

1
Q

What is organisational innovation?

A

The successful implementation of creative ideas in organisations

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2
Q

What are technology cycles?

A

Begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology is replaced

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3
Q

What is the S Curve pattern of innovation?

A

A pattern of technological innovation characterised by slow initial progress, then rapid progress and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits

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4
Q

What is an innovation stream?

A

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

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5
Q

What are the stages of an innovation stream?

A
  • Technological discontinuity
  • Discontinuous change
  • Dominant Design
  • Technological Lockout
  • Incremental change
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6
Q

What is a Technological discontinuity?

A
  • A scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function
  • MP3 invented
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7
Q

What is discontinuous change?

A
  • The phase of the innovation stream characterised by technological substitution and design competition
  • Early MP3 players
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8
Q

What is Technological substitution?

A

A part of discontinuous change - Customers purchase of new technologies to replace older ones

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9
Q

What is design competition?

A

A part of discontinuous change including competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

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10
Q

What is a dominant design?

A
  • A phase of the innovation stream where a new technological design or process becomes the accepted market standard
  • iPod
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11
Q

How do dominancy designs emerge?

A
  • Critical mass e.g. Blu-ray
  • Practical solution e.g. QWERTY
  • Standards bodies
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12
Q

What is technological lockout?

A

A phase of the innovation stream when a new dominant design prevents companies from competitively selling its products or makes it difficult to do so

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13
Q

What is incremental change?

A

A phase of the innovation stream where companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design

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14
Q

What are creative workplace environment?

A

Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued and encouraged

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15
Q

What are components of creative workplace environments?

A
  • Challenging work
  • Organisational encouragement
  • Supervisory encouragement
  • Work group encouragement
  • Freedom
  • Lack of organisational impediments
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16
Q

How does challenging work create a creative workplace environment?

A

Promotes creativity through creating psychological experience known as Flow - a state of effortlessness.

Requires balance between skills and task challenges, i.e. boredom vs inability

17
Q

How is innovation managed during discontinuous change?

A

The Experiential approach to innovation

18
Q

What is the Experiential approach to innovation?

A

Assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

19
Q

What are the aspects of the experiential approach to innovation?

A
  • Design Iterations
    • A cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design and then builds and tests the improved prototype
  • Testing
    • The systematic comparison of different product designs to design iterations
  • Milestones
    • Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance
20
Q

What are required (further aspects) for the experiential approach to innovation?

A
  • Multifunctional Teams
    • Work teams composed of people from different departments
  • Powerful Leaders
    • Provide the vision, discipline and motivation to keep the
      innovation process focused, on time and on target
21
Q

How is innovation managed during incremental change?

A

The Compression approach to innovation

22
Q

What is the compression approach to innovation?

A

Assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

23
Q

What are the aspects of the compression approach to innovation?

A
  • Generational change
  • Planning
  • Supplier involvement
  • Shortening the time of individual steps
  • Overlapping steps
  • Multifunctional teams
24
Q

What is organisational decline?

A

A large decrease in organisational performance that occurs when companies don’t anticipate, recognise, neutralise or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival

25
Q

What are the stages of organisational decline?

A
  • Blindness
  • Inaction
  • Faulty action
  • Crisis
  • Dissolution
26
Q

What are change forces?

A

Forces that produce differences in the form, quality or condition of an organisation over time

27
Q

What are resistance forces?

A

Forces that support the existing state of conditions in organisations

28
Q

What are the stages of managing resistance to change?

A
  • Unfreezing
  • Change intervention
  • Refreezing
29
Q

What is Unfreezing?

A

The first stage of instigating change, getting the people affected by change to believe that change in needed

30
Q

What is Change intervention?

A

The second stage of instigating change, the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviour and workplace practices

31
Q

What is Refreezing?

A

The third stage of instigating change, supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick

32
Q

What are the methods for managing resistance to change?

A

Education & Communication, participation, negotiation, top management support and coercion

33
Q

What errors can be made during unfreezing?

A
  • Not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

- Not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition

34
Q

What errors can be made during change intervention?

A
  • Lacking a vision
  • Under communicating the vision
  • Not removing obstacles to the new vision
  • Not systematically planning for a creating short term wins
35
Q

What errors can be made during refreezing?

A
  • Declaring victory too soon

- Not anchoring changes in corporations culture

36
Q

What are the 3 change tools/techniques?

A
  • Result driven change
  • GE workout
  • Organisational development
37
Q

What is results driven change?

A

Change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results

38
Q

What is the GE workout?

A

A three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organisation quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems

39
Q

What is organisational development?

A

A collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organisations long term health and performance - involving a change agent (outsider)

MGMT1003 (14 decks)

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