Inner ear Flashcards
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss due to outer/middle ear issues
Where picks up high frequence/low frequncey?
Initial section of the cochlea is high frequencies, lower frequencies are picked up by the distal (further away aspects of the cochlea)
What is the tonotopic arrangement, where do these nerves end up?
Nerves from initial to distal parts of the cochlea staying in order to the acoustic area of the temporal lobe
Hearing loss simple test
Just so they cant see you and whisper/talk
What are the tuning fork tests
Weber and Rinne
Weber test
Tests for which ear W = symmetrical, decides which ear the has the hearing loss.
If conductive hearing loss, it will be heard in the bad ear. If sensorineural hearing loss it will be heard in the good ear
Rinne test
Singular ear test (R looks like 1 single odd ear, can differentiate if it is conductive or non conductive hearing loss)
What is a sign of conductive hearing loss?
If in Rinne bone will be louder than air.
Useful frequency for speach
What is an air bone gap
What test is used in new born children to measure hearing loss?
What does a Typanometry tell you?
Types of hearing aids and their uses
Oltolith organs
Utricle and Saccule
structure of if how we cotrol balance
Otolith organs = hair cells in fluid with otoliths ontop. Move/accelarate then hairs move and increase firing rate
What is the Vestibulo-ocular reflex/?
Enables you to keep looking at a point even when the head is moving, so if head moves one way then the eyes will move equally in the opposite direction
What is the balance part of the ear?
vestibule (consistin of the 2 otalith organs (Utricle and Saccule)
Vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve cobine to what? Sensory epithelium in the otolith organs
vestibulocochlear nerve
In Otolith organs its the macula
difference between vestibule and cochlear?
Vestibule has a constant firing rate and will increase with movement
What are Otoliths mad eof? What is their purpose?
CALCIUM Carbonate. The sit on top on the Otolith organs and help increase momentum.
What is the purpose of the semi-circular canals?
Determine position of the head in space
What are the three systems we use for balance?
visual, proprioceptive and vestibular (ear)
3 clinical conditions of the inner ear that effects balance
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Vestibular Neuritis
Meniere’s disease
What happens if there is calcium carbonate in the canal?
So if some of the otolinth (calcium Carbonate) breaks off and enters into the ear canal, then it means that there is more momentum for the hairs that detect head position in the ear canal and so it thinks that there is more rotation going on than there is.
What is nstagmus?
Involuntary eye movement caused because the usually there is a part of the Otolinth in th ear canal and so the Vestibulo-ocular reflex keeps the eye movment going even when your not actually moving
Wher is the most likely place for broiken off otolith to drop in? WHat type of nstagmus is it?
The posterior and then the lateral one, causes eye movements in the oposite direction
Dix - HAllpike manouver tests for whta type of vertigo?
Posterior nstalgus due to the otolinth being in the posterior canal.
What is the treatment for the benign Paroxysmal POsitional Vretigo?
Epley manouvre
Vestibular neuritis clinical presentation a
Vertigo/dizziness lasting up to aday. Can inc. nausea and vom. Viral damage to vestibular nerve.
Labyrinthtis signs and symptoms
Acute onset vertigo, inc. nausea and vommiting. Hearing loss, nystagmus if seen early enough.
May be due ot measles, mmps or infectious mononucleosis
Menieres disase
TRiad of:
-vertigo
-hearing loss
-tinnitus
episodic
Could be due to endolymphatic hydrops
Common condition of recurrant vertigo
migranes
