Acne case based

Question 1

What is the casue of acne?

Answer 1

Increased sebum
P.Acne bact infection
Abnormal keratinisation of the infundibulum (The hair follicle duct becomes blocked as corneocytes of the hair follicle stick together)

Question 2

What is
Acne excoriee

Answer 2

Picking/popping excessivly

Question 3

What is Nodulocystic acne?

Answer 3

Lots of inflammatory lesions

Question 4

Mild vs Moderate vs severe acne scale

Answer 4

Mild: under 20 comedowns, under 15 inflammatory lesion, under 30 lesions in total

Moderate: 20-100 comedowns, 15-50 inflammatory lesions, 30-100 total lesions

Severe: 100+comedowns, 30+ inflam lesions, 125+ total lesions

Question 5

Treatment modalities for acne

Answer 5

1. Topical retinoids/benzoyl peroxide
2. antibiotics (topical/systemic) - tetracyclines, e.g. doxycycline. Erythromycin is also used.
3. systemic retinoids (Failure to respond to topical treatments and oral antibiotics when given for > 6 months/ Scarring acne) eg oral isotrenoin blocks sebum secretion (permanently after 4 months) (topical doesn’t do this)

Question 6

How does benzoyl peroxde work?

Answer 6

reduces P.Acne

Question 7

Isotrenoin (retinoid) /tetracyclin/erythromycin:

Which one is safe for a pregnant woman?

Answer 7

Oral erythromycin.

Isotrenoin and tetracyclin are tetratogenic (Isotoin = heat/neuro issues, tetracyclin - what you’d get if you only ever cycled - bad bones and teeth)

Question 8

How can we reduce the risk of acne antibiotic resistance?

Answer 8

Systemic antibiotic + Topical retinoid + Topical benzoyl peroxide

Question 9

Are retinoids mutagenic?

Answer 9

No, so males don’t need to undergo any form of contraceptive councelling, whereas females do because its teratogenic

Question 10

isotretinoin side effects

Answer 10

Hypertriglyceridaemia
Liver function derangement
dry eyes and skin
mood disturbances