Anatomy and physiology of the nose Flashcards
What is Choanal atresia
Physiclaly blocked nose due to failed recanalization of the nasal fossae during oetal development
Needs prompt surgery as newborns breathe through the nose
Which immunoglobulinas on the nose?
IgA and IgE
Nasion is what?
Part between top of nasal bone and bottom of frontal bone
What is the Rhinion
Part between nasal cartilages and the nasal bone
What is collumella
part separating the 2 nose holes
2 pairs o of lateral cartilages
Upper and lower (alar) lateral cartilages. Also have a septal cartilage
nasal bone fracture putting back in place when ?
1 week after trauma… Time for welling to go down but within the 2 weeks it takes for the bones to set
Nasal trauma, be aware of what?
Septal haematoma
Untreated septal haematoma can lead to what?
Saddle nose (stops blood supply to the cartilage, cartilage dies and droops -> saddle nose)
skin of external nose arterial supply from
Respiratory epithelium
nose venous drainage
pterygoid plexus(?)
What is cavernous sinus thrombosis
Life threatening!! Due to blood clot developing in cavernosus sinus (usually due to some sort of infection that has spread there), but it limits the blood flow out of the brain and can be fatal.
sensory innervation of the external nose
trigeminal (V5)
nose muscles
Nasalis
Procerous (frowny muscle)
3 parts of nasal cavity
vesibule, olfactory and respiratory
5 bones /pcartilages of the septum
pallitine (small at the back), maxilla (bootom), vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid and quadranular cartilage
What is kesselsbach plexus
point of anastomoses of the:
-Anterior ethmoid
-Posterior ethmoid
-Sphenopalatine
-Greater Pallatine
-Superior Labal artery
on the septal nasal wall
Posterior bleeding ususllly from eher? treatment
Woodruff plexus. Nasal packing
What are paranasal sinuses? What are they lined with?
Ya know, the bony sinuses around the nose, lined with respiratory epithelium which has flopped over
Frontal sinus drainiage to?
hiatus semilunaris *middle meatus)
Sphemoid sinuses drainage
Into the spheno-ethmoidal recess
piturity adenomas can be resected through whoh sinus?
Sphenoid sinus
ethmoid sinus drainage
ant and middle are into the hiatus semilunaris in middle meatus via ethmoid bulla
Posterior is into the superior meatus
Orbital cellulitis
Sight threatening emergency!
Acute spread of infection from ethmoid or frontal sinuses
Differentiate from pre-septal cellulitis (different causes) by clinical signs:
Proptosis, chemosis
Ophthalmoplegia
Painful eye movements
Decreased visual acuity/ loss of colour vision (red first)
Requires IV antibiotics, nasal decongestants, CT scan +/- surgical drainage
WHat is sinusitis
Infection of the epithelium lining the sinuses. May or may not have polyps. Often leads to blocked nose.
Where is the nasopharynx?
back of the nose (Area posterior to nasal choanae, extending down to soft palate)
Unilateral glue ear onadults means what?
Nasopharyngeal mass (fossa of rosemuller) - blocks the eustachian tubes
