innate immunity - L8A Flashcards
innate immunity:
rapid
non specific
no memory
adaptive immunity
slow
extremly specific
memory
examples of innate immune cells
neutrophil
monocyte
mast cell
examples adaptive immune cells
T cell
B cell
what is innate immunity designed to give you
give you an inbuilt activity to resist infection
what does innate immunity help to trigger and amplify
adaptive response
What factors are used in the innate system
humoral factors
cellular factors
how is the epithelial barrier a defence
selectively permeable
produces naturally occurring antibodies
transports antibodies
what are some microbial chemicals of the equilibrium
digestive enzymes
lysozymes
what are cytokines
hormones for leukocytes
proteins and peptides that modulate cell behaviour
what do cytokines regulate
- various functions of immune cells
- growth
-differentiation - activation
are cytokines soluble
yes
how do cytokines act
locally and systemically
what do chemokine drive
chemoattraction
what release inflammatory mediators
activated macrophages
what does inflammation cause
redness
swelling
pain
what do activated macrophages help
recruit more phagocytes
allow entry of plasma proteins
provides physically barrier
what is phagocytosis?
the process of internalisation by immune cells called phagocytes
what is phagocytosis driven by
- opsonic receptors
- non-opsonic receptors
what are tissue resident macrophages involved in
wound healing
tissue repair and development
what do tissue resident macrophages maintain
tissue homeostasis
what are recruited macrophages
blood monocytes recruited to tissues and become macrophages
are recruited macrophages inflammatory
yes very
what are neutrophils
type of white blood cell that act on your first line of defence
what are neutrophils major roles
phagocytosis
what are killing mechanisms of neutrophils
acidification
enzymes
competitors
what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing
phagocytosis
degranulation (1,2,3)
neutrophil extracellular traps
what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing
phagocytosis
degranulation (1,2,3)
neutrophil extracellular traps
what are monocytes
the largest white blood cell
what do monocytes do
migrate into tissue and become macrophages
what are monocytes recruited in
response to inflammation
what do eosinophils do
undergo degranulation
support activation of other leukocytes
tissue repair
name facts about mast cells
found in tissue
long lived
need stem cell factor
name facts about basophils
circulate in blood
short lived
need IL3 and TSLP for survival
what are the functions of mast cells and basophils
degranulation
cytokine secretion
what are dendritic cells
phagocyte and antigen presenting cell
what are functions of dendritic cells
process antigens using MHC proteins
what are functions of dendritic cells
process antigens using MHC proteins
what are innate lymphoid cells derived from
ILC progenitor in bone marrow
what are the functions of innate lymphoid cells
homeostasis
inflammation
early pathogen response
how does the innate immune system respond to pathogens
Microbes have PATTERNS called PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS
Damaged cells have DAMAGE ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS
Immune cells have SENSORS for these
when does acute phase response occur
after injury or infection
what is Chronic Granulomatous Disease due to
genetic defects in NADPH
what pathogens are in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
opportunistic
what is our first line of defence
epithelia barriers
do the innate and adaptive systems overlap
yes
What’s can innate immune cell deficiencies results in
disease
