innate immunity - L8A

Question 1

innate immunity:

Answer 1

rapid

non specific

no memory

Question 2

adaptive immunity

Answer 2

slow

extremly specific

memory

Question 3

examples of innate immune cells

Answer 3

neutrophil

monocyte

mast cell

Question 4

examples adaptive immune cells

Answer 4

T cell

B cell

Question 5

what is innate immunity designed to give you

Answer 5

give you an inbuilt activity to resist infection

Question 6

what does innate immunity help to trigger and amplify

Answer 6

adaptive response

Question 7

What factors are used in the innate system

Answer 7

humoral factors

cellular factors

Question 8

how is the epithelial barrier a defence

Answer 8

selectively permeable

produces naturally occurring antibodies

transports antibodies

Question 9

what are some microbial chemicals of the equilibrium

Answer 9

digestive enzymes

lysozymes

Question 10

what are cytokines

Answer 10

hormones for leukocytes

proteins and peptides that modulate cell behaviour

Question 11

what do cytokines regulate

Answer 11

• various functions of immune cells
• growth
  -differentiation
• activation

Question 12

are cytokines soluble

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

how do cytokines act

Answer 13

locally and systemically

Question 14

what do chemokine drive

Answer 14

chemoattraction

Question 15

what release inflammatory mediators

Answer 15

activated macrophages

Question 16

what does inflammation cause

Answer 16

redness

swelling

pain

Question 17

what do activated macrophages help

Answer 17

recruit more phagocytes

allow entry of plasma proteins

provides physically barrier

Question 18

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 18

the process of internalisation by immune cells called phagocytes

Question 19

what is phagocytosis driven by

Answer 19

• opsonic receptors
• non-opsonic receptors

Question 20

what are tissue resident macrophages involved in

Answer 20

wound healing

tissue repair and development

Question 21

what do tissue resident macrophages maintain

Answer 21

tissue homeostasis

Question 22

what are recruited macrophages

Answer 22

blood monocytes recruited to tissues and become macrophages

Question 23

are recruited macrophages inflammatory

Answer 23

yes very

Question 24

what are neutrophils

Answer 24

type of white blood cell that act on your first line of defence

Question 25

what are neutrophils major roles

Answer 25

phagocytosis

Question 26

what are killing mechanisms of neutrophils

Answer 26

acidification enzymes competitors

Question 27

what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing

Answer 27

phagocytosis degranulation (1,2,3) neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 28

what are the 3 stages of neutrophil killing

Answer 28

phagocytosis degranulation (1,2,3) neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 29

what are monocytes

Answer 29

the largest white blood cell

Question 30

what do monocytes do

Answer 30

migrate into tissue and become macrophages

Question 31

what are monocytes recruited in

Answer 31

response to inflammation

Question 32

what do eosinophils do

Answer 32

undergo degranulation support activation of other leukocytes tissue repair

Question 33

name facts about mast cells

Answer 33

found in tissue long lived need stem cell factor

Question 34

name facts about basophils

Answer 34

circulate in blood short lived need IL3 and TSLP for survival

Question 35

what are the functions of mast cells and basophils

Answer 35

degranulation cytokine secretion

Question 36

what are dendritic cells

Answer 36

phagocyte and antigen presenting cell

Question 37

what are functions of dendritic cells

Answer 37

process antigens using MHC proteins

Question 38

what are functions of dendritic cells

Answer 38

process antigens using MHC proteins

Question 39

what are innate lymphoid cells derived from

Answer 39

ILC progenitor in bone marrow

Question 40

what are the functions of innate lymphoid cells

Answer 40

homeostasis inflammation early pathogen response

Question 41

how does the innate immune system respond to pathogens

Answer 41

Microbes have PATTERNS called PATHOGEN ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS Damaged cells have DAMAGE ASSOCIATED MOLECULAR PATTERNS Immune cells have SENSORS for these

Question 42

when does acute phase response occur

Answer 42

after injury or infection

Question 43

what is Chronic Granulomatous Disease due to

Answer 43

genetic defects in NADPH

Question 44

what pathogens are in Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Answer 44

opportunistic

Question 45

what is our first line of defence

Answer 45

epithelia barriers

Question 46

do the innate and adaptive systems overlap

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

What's can innate immune cell deficiencies results in

Answer 47

disease