clinical virology - L6B Flashcards
give 3 reasons why viruses are a big medical problem
can remain infectious
have pandemic potential
require killing the cell to kill the virus
what is chicken pox caused by
double stranded DNA virus of Herpes family
how is chicken pox spread?
enter respiratory tract
infectious droplets
via blood stream
what is the symptoms of chickenpox
papular rash
give facts about influenza
highly airborne virus
single stranded RNA virus
negative sense
enveloped virus with glycoproteins
what are Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
glycoprotein spikes
what is Haemagglutinin involved in
attachment
what is neuraminidase involved in
release
what is the antigenic DRIFTS
amino acid changes
what is antigenic SHIFT
Two or more strains combining to make a new subtype
what is reassortment
if two influenza viruses infect same cell, then segments from both genomes can mix to generate a new virus
describe ebolas biology
single stranded
linear
negative sense
RNA genome
helical capsid
Lipid envelope
how is ebola spread?
bodily fluids
direct contact
what are symptoms of ebola
haemorrhage
shock
vascular permeability
treatment for ebola
blood transfusions
oxygen supplement
what is the new treatment idea ofr ebola?
using whole blood or plasma from survivors
Name 3 viruses associated with cancer
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Epstein Barr
which other disease is there a correlation with Human Papilloma virus?
Cervical cancer
name facts about Epstein Barr virus
- acute illness
- infects B cells
- drives a latent infection
what is Burkitt lymphoma associated with?
malaria prevalence
what is Hepatitis?
liver inflammation
how is hepatisis B transmitted?
via blood
is hepatitis RNA or DNA
double stranded DNA
what is a mature virus called?
Dane particle
is hepatitis B preventable?
yes
name 3 reasons why its difficult to make a viral vaccine
high MUTATION rates which makes them ineffective
few viral proteins
numerous ANTIGENIC types
is small pox DNA or RNA
complex DNA double stranded virus
is small pox + or - envelope
both
how is smallpox spread
person to person via aerosol
what family does small pox belong to
variola family
what are 3 symptoms of small pox
spotty rash
blindness
arthritis
can small pox be fatal
yes - when there is a haemorrhage
30 % mortality
which is the only virus successful story
smallpox
