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Normal Animal Exam 4 > Innate Immunity 2 > Flashcards

Innate Immunity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Second Line of Defense

A

Ceullar Barrier

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2
Q

Cellular Barrier

A

Granulocytes
neutrophils/PMS
eosinophil
basophil
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
NK cells

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3
Q

Phagocytic Cells

A

Myeloid and Macrophage-monoctes

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4
Q

Myeloid

A

Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophil

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5
Q

Neutrophils

A

Rapid phagocytosis but cannot phagocytose repeatedly
Has granules which contains bactericidal enzymes
Short lived
No ability to present antigen

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6
Q

Macrophages and Monocytes

A

Slow but can phagocytose repeatedly
Contain bactericidal enzymes
Long lived
Selected cells have ability to present antigen

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7
Q

Granules in Neutrophils

A

Lysozymes
Myeloperoxidase
Superoxide dismutases

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8
Q

Lactoferrin

A

binds iron, therefore iron is not available for bacterial growth

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9
Q

Collagenase

A

dissolves collagen when entering tissues that have invaded antigen

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10
Q

Defensins

A

inserts between lipid bilayers and disrupt the interactions of lipid molecules

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11
Q

Increase in number of neutrophils

A

neutrophilia

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12
Q

Decreased number of neutrophils

A

neutropenia

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13
Q

Killing by neutrophils

A

phagocytosis
respiratory burst
extracellular traps (NETs)

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14
Q

Phagocytosis 4 stages

A

chemotaxis
attachment
phagocytosis
destruction

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15
Q

Chemotaxis

A

chemical signals that attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation

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16
Q

Adherence to vascular endothelial cells

A

increased expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of endothelial cells favoring attachment to surface molecules on neutrophils

17
Q

Diapedesis

A

Neutrophils migrate out of blood vessel and enter injury site

18
Q

Attachment

A

neutrophils and antigen attach to trigger igestion

19
Q

zeta potential

A

both cell surface of phagocytes and antigens are negatively charged, therefore repel. Zeta potential needs to be reduced

20
Q

opsonins

A

are proteins that bind to antigen to facilitate phagocytosis and decrease zeta potential. the process is called opsonization

21
Q

Opsonin

A

any substances which promote phagocytosis
(ex. antibodies, complement components, certain liver proteins) natural ketchup-protein which coat the antigen to facilitate phagocytosis.

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

intesgtion

23
Q

destruction

A

fusion of phagosome with lysosome-phagolysosome results in dumping of noxious antigen destroying chemical

24
Q

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)

A

sticky web-like nets made of de-condensed nuclear DNA
coated with antimicrobial protein from granules
shown to trap and kill bacteria are critical for clearing some infections
neutrophils form NETs and release them as a form of apoptosis (cell death) this is called NETosis

25
Q

Eosinophil

A

Larger than neutrophils
increased in allergies and parasitic infestation
granules have arylsulfatase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase
Large crystalloid granule has core of major basic protein (MBP) with matrix surrounded by Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
Eosinophile peroxidase (EPO)
Eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN)

26
Q

Basophil

A

Least numerous granulocyte (.5% of blood leukocytes)
granules have complex of vasoactive molecule

27
Q

Macrophages

A

resting vs activated

28
Q

Il-12

A

Stimulates Th-1

29
Q

IL-10

A

Down regulates Th-1 immune responses
promotes some Th-2 and B cells

30
Q

IL-6

A

Induces fever
promotes B cell functions

31
Q

IL-1

A

stimulates T cells for antibody response
induces fever

32
Q

Presentation of Antigen (Antigen presenting cells (APC))

A
  1. Slow responders
  2. Phagocytose repeatedly
  3. Select Cells can present antigen
    they presents processed antigen to lymphocytes
33
Q

Dendritic Cells- (thin membranous projections)

A
  1. Excellent antigen presenting cells (APC)
  2. antibody-coated antigens are rapidly presented to lymphocytes
34
Q

4 types of dendritic cells

A

myeloid dendritic cell
lymphoid dendritic cell
follicular dendritic cell
plasmacytoid dendritic cells (looks like plasma cell, secrete IFNalpha

35
Q

Type of T cell

A

helper
cytotoxic
memory
regulatory

36
Q

types of B cell

A

memory
plasma

37
Q

Natural Killer (NK) cells-Morphological features

A

subset of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, distinct from B and T cells
express CD 16 (cluster of differentiation)
have cytotoxic granules containing special proteins like perforin and protease known as granzymes

38
Q

Natural Killer (NK) cells-Functional features

A

Kill microbe infected cells by direct lytic mechanisms
kill tumor cells and viral infected cells
secrete IFNgamma

Normal Animal Exam 4 (16 decks)

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