Innate Immunity

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

deals first with antigens
>95% handled by innate immune system

Question 2

Acquired Immune Response

Answer 2

T cell/B cell

Question 3

1 Line of Defense

Answer 3

Physical Barrier
Chemical Barrier
>95% of antigens handled

Question 4

II Line of defense

Answer 4

Non-specific Cellular barrier also innate immunity

Question 5

III line of defense

Answer 5

Specific cellular barrier adaptive immunity

Question 6

Physical Barriers

Answer 6

skin
G.I system
Respiratory
Uro-genital
mammary gland

Question 7

Chemical Barrier

Answer 7

Lysozymes
Complement-C
lysins
Chemokines
Opsonins
Acute phase proteins

Question 8

Skin

Answer 8

Sebum from sebaceous glands
natural desquamation (sloughing off)
skin is occupied by non-pathogenic bacteria-not allowing pathogen to adhere to skin
disruption of skin integrity will allow pathogens to enter the body more easily

Question 9

GI tract

Answer 9

Mouth
saliva-flushing action
Stomach and intestine-low pH
lysozymes
normal bacterial flora

Question 10

Urogenital tract

Answer 10

Urine-natural flushing action, low Ph
Vagina-epithelium rich in glycogen: promotes the growth of lactobacillum

Question 11

Respiratory tract

Answer 11

suspends particles cleared by turbulence
walls of the upper respiratory tract has mucus
alveolar macrophages
ciliary action of the respiratory tract

Question 12

Complement C

Answer 12

complement consists of a complex series of proteins (enzymes)
can bind to an antibody molecule or can act independently to affect various aspects of the immune system
complement consists of about 30 proteins which are designated numerically with a prefix C
C1 to C9

Question 13

C3 and C5

Answer 13

very important in inflammation and eliminating antigen

Question 14

Where are complement Components produced

Answer 14

liver (parenchyma)
macrophages
monocytes
GI and Urinary tract
Neutrophils store large quantities of some complement components

Question 15

Functions of Complement

Answer 15

complement-mediated chemotaxis
complement-mediated opsonization
complement-mediated inflammation
removal of immune complexes
regulation of immune system

Question 16

Complement-Mediated Chemotaxis

Answer 16

Specific C components attract phagocytic cells to the site of antigenic assault
C5a-attracts all types of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, basophil)
stimulates respiratory bursts of neutrophils

Question 17

C-mediated opsonization

Answer 17

phagocytosis: phagocytic cells have a C’ receptor

Question 18

C-mediated inflammation

Answer 18

Anaphylatoxin
cause smooth muscle ( lung and intestinal wall) to contract
mast cells degranulate releasing vasoactive amines
vascular permeability resulting in EDEMA

Question 19

Removal of Immune Complexes

Answer 19

Phagocytosis