Innate Immunity Flashcards
Components of the innate immune system
Neutrophils
Macrophages
NK cells
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Basophils
Epithelial cells
Fibroblast cells
Origin of Dendritic cells
Haemopoietic stem cells
Origin of Lymphocyte progenitor
Haemopoietic stem cell
Origin of Myleoid progenitor
Haemopoietic stem cell
What does Lymphocyte progenitor give rise to
NK cells
Thymus— CD8 T, CD4 T
Plasma cell
B cell
What does Myleoid progenitor give rise to
Basophils
Monocytes— Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast cell
Features of Recognition mechanisms of innate immunity
Rapid response (hours)
Fixed
Limited number of specificities
Constant during response
Features of recognition mechanism of adaptive immunity
Slow response
Variable
Numerous highly selective specificities
Improve during response
What are the first cytokines that are produced in the innate immunity
TNF-a
IL-12
IFN-a
What determines the quarantine duration
Until the adaptive immunity steps in
Until the ab production starts
Physico-chemical barriers of innate immunity
Skin
Mucus
Cilia
Chemical barriers of urogenital tract
Acidity in vaginal secretions
Spearmint and zinc in semen
Anti-microbial peptides are made by
Neutrophils and some epi cells
When does Adaptive immunity starts
When specific ag is recognized and B,T cell activation occurs
Ab production
Which cells recruited from blood
Neutrophils
Which cells are tissue resident
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Which cells encounter first ag
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Role of selectin
Rolling adhesion
Helps against the fast flow of blood
Role of integrin
Tight binding
Steps of Complement mediated phagocytosis
1- Cleavage and activation of the complement
2- Complement divides into 2 parts
3- One of them binds to bacterium
4- One of them attracts an effector cell
5-Complement receptor on the cell binds to Complment-bacterium
6- Engulf the bacterium, kill it
Phagocytosis Granules
Primary Granules
Secondary Granules — phagocyte oxidase
Lysosomes — digestive enzymes
2 systems of Phagocytotic killing
1-Oxygen-depended system— powerful microbicidal agents
2-Oxygen-independent system — anaerobic conditions
Chronic granulomatous disease
Genetic defect in phagocyte oxidase
Susceptibility to bacterial infections
Innate-immune system recognizes which type of microbes
Conserved microbes
T and B lymphocytes recognizes which type of molecules
T= Protein
B= Every type
Which receptor sense the molecules of pathogens
Toll-like receptors
2 types of TLRs
On the membrane
Inside of the cell
TLR3 recognizes
DsRNA
TLR4 recognizes
LPS
TLR5 recognizes
Flagellin
TLR7 recognizes
Viral ssRNA
TLR9 recognizes
CpG DNA
Which TLRs are inside the cell
TLR3
TLR7
TLR9
2 roles of anti-viral immunity
Blocking infection
Blocking viral replication
What does virus-infected cell produces or act on neighboring cells
Interferon-a
Source of NK cells
Bone marrow
Function of NK cells
Cytotoxic for=Tumor cells, Viral infected cells , Bacterial,fungal,parasitic infection
Responsible for ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
Diseases that associated with increased infection
Immune-deficiencies
Complement deficiencies
Chronic Granulomatous disease
Diseases that associated with relapsing immune activation
Familial Mediterranean Fever
