Immune Response To Infections

Question 1

Stages of response to infection

Answer 1

1- Pathogens adhere to epi
2-Local infection, penetration of epi
3-Local infection of tissues
4- Adaptive immunity

Question 2

Immunity to extracellular bacteria in Innate immunity and in Adaptive immunity

Answer 2

Innate= Complement activation, Phagocytosis, Inflammatory response

Adaptive= Humoral response (ab production), Th cells

Question 3

In complement pathways which structures are formed for the innate immunity to extracellular bacteria

Answer 3

Classical pathway= Ag-ab complex
Alternative pathway= Gr +peptidoglycan, Gr - LPS
Lectin pathway= Mannose

Question 4

Which cells are the first leukocytes to encounter extracellular pathogens

Answer 4

Tissue macrophages
DCs

Question 5

B cell activation via T-dependent and T- independent ag pathway differences

Answer 5

Ti Ag= no need for isotope switching, secretion of IgM
Td Ag= needs help from T, secretion of IgM or IgG

Question 6

In which type of B cell activation type there is a need for isotope switching

Answer 6

T-dependent

Question 7

In Td B cell activation what is essential to secrete ab

Answer 7

CD40 and CD40L binding

Question 8

In T dependent B cell activation what are the three main ways of protecting the host from infection

Answer 8

Neutralization
Opsonization
Complement activation

Question 9

In humoral immunity to extracellular bacteria which structure can act as opsonins

Answer 9

Antibodies

Question 10

Evasion strategies of extracellular bacteria

Answer 10

Avoiding ab
Avoiding phagocytosis
Avoiding complement

Question 11

Avoiding ab strategies

Answer 11

Alter the expression of surface molecules — changing of PAMPs so it won’t be recognized

Secrete anti-Ig proteases

Question 12

Structures that take a role in Immunity to intracellular bacteria
Innate=?
Adaptive=?

Answer 12

Innate= Neutrophils, Macrophages, NK cells and sigmagamma T cells

Adaptive= CD8+, CD4+, humoral immunity, Granuloma formation

Question 13

Control of infection of intracellular bacteria

Answer 13

Innate= Macrophage— IL-12— NK— IFN-y— Macrophages / Neutrophils

Adaptive= T cells— IFN-y, CD40L— Macrophages

Question 14

Granuloma formation

Answer 14

When an intracellular pathogen is able to resist CTLs body forms Granuloma around pathogen
Inner layer of Granuloma= CD4+T
Exterior layer of Granuloma = CD8+T
End with necrosis