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Pathology > Innate Immune Response > Flashcards

Innate Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

Fixed

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Variable

A

Adaptive Immunity

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3
Q

Intracellular immune response begins with what:

A

dendritic cells

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4
Q

Extracellular immune response begins with what:

A

antibodies, complement/toll-like receptors

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5
Q

What are the cells involved in extracellular immune response?

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Neutrophils

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6
Q

Spontaneous formation of C3b is in what complement pathway?

A

Alternative

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7
Q

Complement pathway (classical) starts off by binding to what antibody?

A

C1 binds to IgM (“landing platform”) which is made by B cells!)

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8
Q

C1 converts:

A

C2 & C4

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9
Q

C3a is involved with:

C3b is involved with:

A 
C3a = chemotaxis
C3b = opsonization
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10
Q

How does C3 become activated?

A

C2 & C4 complex cleave it into C3a & C3b

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11
Q

C3_ tags bacterium for destruction.

A

C3b

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12
Q

C3b binds and causes activation of:

A

C6, C7, C8

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13
Q

C6, C7, C8 bind and cause polymerization of:

A

C9

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14
Q

C_ polymerizes and forms a pore and pokes a hole in the bacterium.

A

C9

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15
Q

What initiates the cascade complex?

A

C5b

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16
Q

What induces phagocytosis of bacterium?

A

C3b

17
Q

What are the three major functions of C3b?

A

1) Opsonin
2) Convertase
3) Activation of B cells (most critical step bc it gives you antibodies)

18
Q

What are the two inactivating factors for complement?

A

1) Soluble -> inactivates complement on bacteria & host
2) Membrane bound -> inactivates complement on host
(membrane bound protects our cells from C3b)
(soluble keep amount of C3b under control)

19
Q

How do you inhibit C1?

A

C1 inactivating factor - it removes the part that does the cleaving on C1

20
Q

What are two membrane bound factors that inhibit (alternative) complement?

A

MCP & DAF -> inhibit ALTERNATIVE pathway

21
Q

What membrane bound factor inhibits the formation of the pore?

A

CD59 (binds to C5b, 6, 7, 8 and prevents recruiting of C9)

22
Q

C3a & C5a are anaphylactoxins. They also:

A

Alter vascular endothelium & recruit inflammatory cells

23
Q

What are the four initial steps to extracellular bacteria entering body?

A

1) Complement activation
2) C3b receptors (for opsonization & B cell activation)
3) C3a & C5a (inflammatory mediators)
4) Cell recruitment

24
Q

What are four PAMPs?

A

fMLP, LPS, Glycan, Mannose

  • PAMPs are the things that make bacteria cells unique compared to our cells (we don’t have these things!)*
  • Our body recognizes PAMPs with TLRs*
25
Q

What are the cytokines secreted by macrophages? (5)

A 
IL-1
IL-6
IL-12
TNF-a
CXCL8 (IL-8)
*these are the cytokines of the innate immune response
26
Q

TNF-a and IL-1 induce:

A

blood vessels to be more permeable

27
Q

IL-6 is responsible for changes in:

A

temperature (it goes to hypothalamus and does this!)

28
Q

CXCL8 recruits:

A

neutrophils

29
Q

What are the 5 principles of cytokine biology? (BRS-FP)

A 
Broad activity
Redundant
Second messengers
Families
Pleiotrophic
30
Q

What are some anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-4, IL-10, TGF-B

31
Q

What are the functions of IL-1 (IL-18)? (ASS-P)

A
  • Activates vascular endothelium & dendritic cells
  • Soluble inflammatory mediators
  • Systemic effects (causes fever!)
  • Produces IFN-y
32
Q

What are the functions of TNF-a? (ASS-PAC)

A
  • Activates vascular endothelium & dendritic cells
  • Soluble inflammatory mediators
  • Systemic effects
  • Produces IL-1
  • Apoptosis
  • Collapse venous return (ONLY cytokine that does this!)
33
Q

IL-1 produces __, and TNF-a produces __.

A 
IL-1 = IFN-y
TNF-a = IL-1
34
Q

The cytokines secreted by macrophages have three major functions, what are they:

A

1) Activate complement opsonization
2) Phagocytosis
3) Decreased viral & bacterial replication

35
Q

How does intracellular pathogen process begin?

A

1) Dendritic cell infected
2) Cytokines are released (IFN-a & IFN-b)
3) Dendritic cells become mature
4) Dendritic cells migrate to lymph node

36
Q

What are the three major functions of IFN-a and IFN-b?

A

1) Resist viral replication
2) Increase ligands for receptors in NK cells
3) Activate NK cells to kill infected cells

Pathology (9 decks)

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