Innate Cells

Question 1

What do leucocytes release when they perceive a threat?

Answer 1

cytoplasm contains granules that are loaded with killer/hydrolytic/oxidizing
-can’t discriminate between pathogen and underlying tissue

Question 2

What are the two groups of leucocytes?

Answer 2

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 3

cytokines

Answer 3

communicators of the immune system

-lymphocytes and macrophages use cytokines to regulate the intensity of an immune response

Question 4

neutrophils

Answer 4

• multi-lobed nucleus (PMNs)
• granulocytic myloid cells
• most abundant WBC
• most important in innate immune system
• most numerous
• usually circulate
• rarely found in normal tissues
• die after 1 round of phagocytosis
• for large pathogens they use extracellular killing
• can spill guts (antimicrobial but also can cause local tissue damage)
• NETs
• PUS!!!!

-ultimate phagocytic, rapid response pathogen destroyer

Question 5

macrophage

Answer 5

• in tissues
• do not have prominent granules but are filled with lysosomes for phagocytosis and intracellular killing
• antigen presentation
• call neutriphils and adaptive cells
• produce inflammatory mediators such as swelling redness warmth and pain at the sight of infection
• PAMPs highly expressed

-effective killer both phagocytic and non pahgocytic mechanism

Question 6

dendritic cells

Answer 6

• phagocytosis-antigen presenting cell
• found in most tissues similar to macrophages
• phagocytosis and macropinocytosis
• crucial link between innate and adaptive immunity
• PAMPs highly expressed
• direct the type of adaptive response based on TLR activtion and or interaction with other innate cells, especially NK and gamma delta lymphocytes
• can secrete different cytokines that also shape character of adaptive response

-the best professional APC

Question 7

eosinophils

Answer 7

granulocytes

• neutralizing and destroying large parasitic invaders
• help sustain allergic responses causing them to be chronic–>can do damage to surround tissue that can be permanent and significant

Question 8

mast cells

Answer 8

• contain acidic hitamine
• allergies
• open vascular doors to allow recruited WBC to enter infection
• non pathogenic allergen–>systemic vasodilation and vascular permability with loss of blood pressure, airway constriction, swelling of hte epiglottis

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

accomplice to mast cells and eosinophils

-antiparasitic and allergic reactions

Question 10

NK cells

Answer 10

primarily attack virus infected cells or tumor cells and release their granules that cause lysis of their target

• similar receptors to that on adaptive immune cells but do not become specific to one type of anitgen
• notice something fishy about infected or altered (tumorous)

-non-antigen specific killer

Question 11

NKT cells

Answer 11

subset of Tcells

-TLR that is restricted to glycolipid antigens

Question 12

gamma delta lymphocytes

Answer 12

• recognize lipid biosynthesis in bacteria
• large amount in respiratory and gastrointestinal submucosa
• environmental interfaces