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bio2200 > innate and adaptive immunity > Flashcards

innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity is

A

non-specific
has no memory
includes first line of defense: physical structures and chemical secretions.
and
second line of defense: phagocytic cells, NK cells, antimicrobial prtiens, inflammatory response.

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2
Q

adaptive immunity is

A

specific! tailors its fight in response to antigens.
has memory

third line of defense:
1. lymphocytes: B and T cells, leukocytes(WBCS) and dendritic cells (APC)
2. antibodies: trigger the classical pathway.
3. macrophages and other APC’s.

HUMORAL (B CELLS) AND CELLULAR (CD4 AND CD8 T CELLS)

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3
Q

types of granulocytes

A

neutrophils
basoophils
eosinophils
mast cells

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4
Q

types of agranulocytes

A

monocytes: macrophages and dendrites
dendritic cells
natural killer cells: lymphocyte
B-cells: lymphocyte
T-cells: lymphocyte

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5
Q

WBCS include

A

neutrophils
lymphocytes (b cells and t cells)
monocytes/macrophages
eosinophils
basophils

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6
Q

basophils

A

granulocyte + innate
release histamines
inflammation + allergic reactions

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7
Q

eosinophil

A

granulocyte + innate
kill parasites with oxidative burst (some are phagocytic)

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8
Q

mast cell

A

granulocyte + innate
APC.
release chemicals to activate inflammation

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9
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocyte + both systems
phagocytize bacteria and fungi
first at the site of the initial INFX.

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10
Q

monocytes

A

granulocyte + both systems
become macrophages
cause inflammation and perform phagocytosis

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11
Q

dendritic cells

A

agranulocyte + both systems
present antigens to T-cells, initialing the adaptive immune response
APC and phagocytic.

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12
Q

NK cells

A

agranulocytes + both systems + lymphocyte
kill cancer cells and virus-infected cells

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13
Q

plasmocyte - B-cell

A

agranulocyte + innate + lymphocyte
APC cells!
recognize antigens and produce antibodies.

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14
Q

T-cells

A

agranulocyte + innate + lymphocyte
secrete cytokines
*CD4 - MHC-II. T-helper cells
*CD8 - MHC-I. recognize and kill “non-self cells”. cytotoxic T-cells

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15
Q

complement system:

A

classical
alternaitve
lectin

C3 protein then leads to
cytolysis
opsonization
inflammation

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16
Q

classical pathway

A

uses antibodies produced by CD4 t-helper cells TH2, released by interleukin 4, activating a B-cell (humoral response), which become plasma cells, activating the compliment system classical pathway.

C1
C2 & C4
C2a & C4b
C3

17
Q

alternative pathway

A

lipid-carb complex
C3

18
Q

lectin

A

lectin proteins.
C2 & C4
C2a & C4b
C3

19
Q

cytolysis

A

C3
C3b
C5
C5b
cell rupture with C6 7 8 9

20
Q

opsonization

A

C3
C3b
enhances phagocytosis and promotes adherence.

21
Q

inflammation

A

C3
C3a & C3b
C5
C5a & C5b
releases histamine by binding to mast cell.
vasodilation and increased permeability of Vs.
inflammatory response + fever + vasoactive mediators.

22
Q

activated by MHC-I

(MHC - major histocompatibility complex: cell surface proteins that present antigens to cells)

A

cd8 cells.
cytotoxic cells.
activated by a virus-infected cell.
induce apoptosis by releasing perforin to attack and destroy the cell.
intercellular.

23
Q

activated by MHC-II

(MHC - major histocompatibility complex: cell surface proteins that present antigens to cells)

A

cd4 cells.
t-helper cells.
dendritic cell (APC)
activates TH-1, TH-2, and TH-17

24
Q

CD4 TH-1

A

release interleukin-2 and interferon gamma
activate cd8 cells & macrophages (phagocytes)

25
Q

CD4 TH-2

A

release interleukin-4
- activate eosinophils - kill parasites
- activate humoral response/extracellular. B-cells activate to become plasma and memory cells to produce antibodies to bind to the epitope region of the antigen/microbe.
- causes the direct antibody killing of microbe, activating the classical pathway of the complement system.
- activates mast cells and basophils! C3a + C5b receptors release histamine, causing an increase in vascular permeability and the inflammatory response.

26
Q

CD4 TH-17

A

release interleukin-17
- activate neutrophils, which are high during the early stages of INFX.
promote the inflammatory response.
neutrophils fight fungi and extracellular bacteria.

27
Q

colonel selection + expansion

A

selection: B-cell identifies the antigen.
expansion: B-cell proliferates/cells divide.

28
Q

interleukins

A

cytokines that serve as communication between WBCS

29
Q

interferons

A

interfere with the viral INFX of host cells.

30
Q

antibody class switching

A

the initial IgM response switches to a more specific antibody, like IgG.

31
Q

phagocytosis

A

done by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages.
1. chemotaxis
2. adherence
3. ingestion
4. digestion

32
Q

inflammatory response

A
  1. vasodilation: increase the permeability of BV’s. vasoactive mediators
  2. phagocytosis: neutrophils and macrophages
  3. tissue repair: stroma and parenchyma

PRISH symptoms.

bio2200 (13 decks)

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