final lab exam. yeasts + molds

Question 1

fungi include

Answer 1

1. yeasts
   unicellular
   round cells
2. molds
   multicellular
   composed of hyphae
   reproduce through spores (conidia (exposed) or sporangium (covered) )

Question 2

what are the 3 types of molds?

Answer 2

1. penicillium
2. aspergillus
3. rhizopus

Question 3

Penicillium mold and aspergillus mold

Answer 3

conidia structure. exposed spores.

Question 4

rhizopus mold

Answer 4

sporangium structure. spores are encased in an outer covering.

Question 5

what are the 5 different phyla of protozoa?

Answer 5

1. phylum ciliata
2. phylum amoebozoa
3. phylum archaezoa
4. phylum euglenazoa
5. phylum apicomplexa

Question 6

phylum ciliata

Answer 6

both move using cilia.

1. balantidium coli:
   bean-shaped nucleus.
   caused diarrhea from the cysts ingested through contaminated food/water.
2. paramecium spp
   free-living
   no disease-causing
   sexual (conjugation) and asexual reproduction. (binary fission).

Question 7

phylum amoebozoa

Answer 7

both move using pseudopodia.

1. entamoeba histolytica
   oval shaped
   nucleus: a ring with a do inside
   causes diarrhea
   no visible pseudopods !
2. amoeba proteus
   free-living
   visible pseudopods (finger-like projections)
   can cause amebiasis and acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection)

Question 8

phylum archaezoa

Answer 8

both move using VISIBLE flagella.

1. trichomonas vaginalis
   big round organisms with a dense nucleus and flagella hanging off
   causes trichomoniasis/vaginitis
   is a sexually transmitted INFX caused by a protozoan.
2. giardia lamblia
   tear drop shaped
   two nuclei and multiple flagella hanging off
   (looks like a smiley face)
   causes diarrhea

Question 9

phylum euglenazoa

Answer 9

both move using NON VISIBLE flagella.

1. trypanosoma brucei
   S shaped squiggles among red blood cells.
   causes african sleeping sickness (neurological condition)\
2. euglena spp
   thing torpedo shaped organisms
   free-living and photosynthetic
   cause no disease

Question 10

phylum apicomplexa

Answer 10

no motility

plasmodium spp
ring like organism inside RBCS
causes malaria

Question 11

helminths

Answer 11

1. platyhelminths (flat worms)
   - trematoes (flukes): non-segmented
   clonorchis sinesis and schistosomamandsoni
   - cestodes (tapeworms): segmented
   taenia pisiformis
2. nematodes (round worms): trichinella spiralis

Question 12

platyhelminths - trematodes

Answer 12

1. clonorchis sinesis (liver fluke)
   monoecious (male and female are in the same individial)
   Infection is caused by eating undercooked freshwater fish. Most infections occur in liver or gallbladder and cause abdominal pain, indigestion, fatigue, and diarrhea.
2. schistosoma mansoni (blood fluke)
   dioecious but male and female are in the same body.
   causes liver infection with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.
   INFX occurs when your skin encounters contaminated freshwater that contains snails that carry schistosomes.

Question 13

platyhelminths - cestodes

Answer 13

1. taenia pisiformis
   monoecious
   parasitic INFX in humans caused by the tapeworm species Taenia saginata (cow) and Taenia solium (pig)
   humans can become infected by eating raw/undercooked beef, pork, or shellfish.

Question 14

nematodes

Answer 14

1. trichinella spiralis
   dioecious
   trichinosis: caused by eating raw/undercooked meat of animals infected with Trichinella.
   symptoms: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, abdonimal discomfort.