injury prevention Flashcards
SALTAPS
assessing sporting injuries:
See
Ask
Look
Touch
Active
Passive
Strength
PRICE
acute management of soft tissue injuries:
Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
S - SALTAPS
- SEE
- stop the game if a player is injured
- observe the injury
A - SALTAPS
- ASK
- ask questions about the injury
- e.g. where does it hurt? where did you fall?
L- SALTAPS
- LOOK
- search for specific signs
- e.g. bruising, swelling, bleeding etc..
T - SALTAPS
- TOUCH
- gently touch the injured area
- to identify painful regions + inflammation
A - SALTAPS
- ACTIVE MOVEMENT
- ask the player whether they can move the injured area w/ out assistance
P - PRICE
- PASSIVE MOVEMENT
- if there is active movement
- gently move the injured area through its full ROM
S - SALTAPS
- STRENGTH TESTING
- ask the player to stand, lift or put pressure on injured area if they can
- ask them if they feel able to continue playing
- continue to observe movement closely
P - PRICE
- PROTECTION
- protect the injury + person from further damage
- e.g. using support, splints, crutches
R - PRICE
- REST
- allow the injury time to heal + prevent further damage
- playing can increase recovery time
- may need crutches if need to remain mobile
I - PRICE
- ICE
- apply ice indirectly to skin
= reduce inflammation + pain + swelling - 10 mins/ 60 mins = no more than 20 mins
C - PRICE
- COMPRESS
- compressing the injury w/ stretch bandage
= helps reduce swelling + movement
E - PRICE
- ELEVATE
- raise the injury above heart level
- to reduce blood flow to area
= reduces swelling
6 R’s
Recognise
Remove
Refer
Rest
Recover
Return
1st R - 6 R’s
- RECOGNISE
- parents, players, coaches, officials
= all should be aware of signs + symptoms of concussion
2nd R - 6 R’s
- REMOVE
- remove player from field of play
- if they have a concussion or suspected concussion
3rd R - 6 R’s
- REFER
- player should be referred to medical profession immediately
4th R - 6 R’s
- REST
- players must rest from exercise until symptom free
5th R - 6 R’s
- RECOVER
- players must fully recover before returning to play
- adults take min of 1 week
- U18s two weeks
6th R - 6 R’s
- RETURN
- safe return = player must be symptom free
- have written authorisation to play
rehabilitation
- the process of restoring full physical function after an injury has occurred
treatment of simple + stress fractures + dislocation + sprain + torn cartilage = more or less same for all of them
- medical attention
- PRICE to reduce swelling
- immobilisation using splint, crutches etc..
- rest
- anti-inflammatory + pain meds
- more severe will require surgery to realign bones w/ nails, pins etc..
- healing takes several weeks
- physiotherapy will strengthen the connective tissue around the join
- hydrotherapy
- knee brace
- realigning + pin
- mobility exercises
= improve flexibility + mobility
treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage
- cold therapy
- massage
- stretching techniques
- anti-inflammatory + pain meds
treatments
- stretching
- massage
- heat, cold + contrast therapies
- anti-inflammatory drugs
- physiotherapy
- surgery
stretching - treatments
acute phase:
- no stretching within first 3 days
mid phase:
- gentle static + passive stretching
- connective tissues lightly moved + allow lengthen
- as swelling + inflammation has reduced
later phase:
- PNF stretching + static, passive stretching
- increase ROM + strengthen connective tissue
long term:
- active + dynamic stretching used
massage - treatments
- deep muscle therapy
- stretch tissues, releasing tension + pressure, improves elasticity
- reduce pain + generate heat + circulation
- relaxation
- break down scar tissue from previous injury
heat, cold + contrast therapy - treatments
cold:
- applying ice or cold to an injury to reduce swelling = therapeutic
= risk of too long, skin abrasion, ice burns
- ice bath for 10 mins
- apply ice
heat:
- applying heat to an injury to increase blood flow
= increase vasodilation + increase blood flow
= reduce muscle tension, stiffness + pain
= risk of pain for acute injury
- heat packs
- hot towels
contrast:
- alternating cold + heat for therapeutic effect
= limited benefit compared to cold therapy
anti-inflammatory drugs - treatments
- non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
- medication taken to reduce inflammation, temperature + pain following an injury
- speed up recovery
physiotherapy - treatments
- using methods of mobilisation = help joints + tissue
- massage = stretch + relax tissues, increase circulation etc..
- exercise therapy = strengthen muscles
surgery - treatments
arthroscopy:
- keyhole surgery
- minimally invasive surgery to repair damage within a join
- small incision made + tiny camera used
= suffer less pain
= less risk of infection
= faster initial recovery time
open surgery:
- under general + local anaesthetic
- incision made
= stronger repair
= but risk of abive
