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A2 - pe physiological > injuries > Flashcards

injuries Flashcards

1
Q

types of injuries

A

acute
chronic

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2
Q

acute injury + examples

A
  • sudden injury associated with a traumatic event

e.g. netballer landing awkwardly spraining her ankle

e.g. rugby player rupturing ACL through a poor tackle

e.g. footballer fracturing a metatarsal when kicking a ball

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3
Q

chronic injury + examples

A
  • slowly developed injury associated with overuse
  • due to repeated stress placed on a certain body part

e.g. tennis elbow

e.g. stress fractures (shin splints) in basketball players/ runners

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4
Q

acute hard tissue injuries

A

damage to the bone, joint or cartilage:
- fractures
- dislocations
- subluxations

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5
Q

fractures

A
  • acute hard tissue injuries
  • either compound (open)/ simple (closed)
  • partial or complete break in a bone due to excessive force that overcomes the bones potential flex
  • usually comes from either a DIRECT force (collision/ object) or an INDIRECT force (falling/ poor technique)
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6
Q

symptoms of fractures

A

symptoms:
- pain at the fracture site
- swelling
- discolouration

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7
Q

dislocations

A
  • acute hard tissue injuries
  • the displacement of one bone from another out of their original position
  • comes from either DIRECT force (collision or object) or INDIRECT force (a fall pushing the joint past its extreme ROM)
  • e.g. shoulder, knee, hip, ankle, elbow, fingers

symptoms:
- loss of movement
- pain
- pop feeling
- deformity/ swelling

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8
Q

symptoms of dislocations

A

symptoms:
- loss of movement
- pain
- pop feeling
- deformity/ swelling

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9
Q

subluxations

A
  • acute hard tissue injuries
  • an incomplete/ partial dislocation
  • often causes damage to ligaments (connect bone to bone)
  • overstretched ligament can permanently lengthen = decreases stability + increases risk of dislocation
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10
Q

acute soft tissue injuries

A

damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament:
- sprain
- strain
- abrasion
- tears
- blisters
- concussion
- contusion

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11
Q

sTrain

A
  • acute soft tissue injury
  • overstretch or a tear in the tendon (connects muscle to bone)
  • caused by over stretching a particular area or contracting muscle fibres too quickly
  • most commonly in dynamic/ explosive movements

e.g. lunging to return a drop shot in badminton
e.g. sprinting out of the blocks in 100m

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12
Q

symptoms of sTrains

A

symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- discolouration
- inability to bear weight

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13
Q

sPrains

A
  • acute soft tissue injury
  • overstretch or a tear in the ligament (connects bone to bone)
  • caused by a sudden twist, impact or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme ROM
  • most commonly in the ankle
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14
Q

symptoms of sPrains

A

symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- discolouration
- inability to bear weight

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15
Q

grades - sTrains + sPrains

A

sTrains:
grade 1 - minor damage to fibres
grade 2 - more extensive, not ruptured
grade 3 - complete rupture = surgery

sPrains:
grade 1 - few lig fibres overstretched
grade 2 - partial tear
grade 3 - total rupture/ detachment = surgery

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16
Q

abrasions

A
  • acute soft tissue injury
  • superficial damage to the skin caused a scraping action against a surface
  • falling or slipping on a track/ artificial pitch
17
Q

blisters

A
  • friction forming separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms
  • painful but do not stop participation
18
Q

concussion

A
  • acute soft tissue injury
  • traumatic brain injury leading to a disturbance of brain function
  • common in sports e.g. boxing, rugby football, American football
19
Q

symptoms of concussion

A
  • headaches
  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • balance problems
  • potential loss of consciousness
  • memory loss about the incident
20
Q

contusion

A

= bruise
- area of skin/ tissue where the blood vessels have ruptured
- most heal rapidly without a break in play or training
- severe contusion can cause deep tissue damage
- leads to haemotoma

21
Q

symptoms of contusion

A
  • swelling
  • discolouration
  • pain?
22
Q

chronic hard tissue injuries

A
  • stress fractures
23
Q

chronic soft tissue injuries

A
  • shin splints
  • tendinosis
24
Q

stress fractures

A
  • chronic hard tissue injury
  • tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse
  • fatigued muscle transfer stress overload to bone tissue
  • common in distance runners, tennis, gymnastics, basketballers (repetitive stress)
25
Q

casues of stress fractures

A
  • poor technique
  • sudden increase in intensity/ frequency of training
  • reduction in recovery time
  • inadequate equipment
  • poor flexibility of associated joints
  • inadequate warm up/ cool down
26
Q

shin splints

A
  • chronic soft tissue injury
  • chronic shin pain
  • repeated overuse of the tibialis anterior = posterior = loading stress –> tenderness + inflammation
  • tendon also becomes inflamed = pain on shin
  • common in distance runners, dancers, footballers + gymnasts
27
Q

tendinosis

A
  • chronic soft tissue injury
  • the deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse + repetitive strain
  • damage to collagen

e.g. tennis elbow
e..g achilles tendinosis

A2 - pe physiological (13 decks)

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