injuries Flashcards
types of injuries
acute
chronic
acute injury + examples
- sudden injury associated with a traumatic event
e.g. netballer landing awkwardly spraining her ankle
e.g. rugby player rupturing ACL through a poor tackle
e.g. footballer fracturing a metatarsal when kicking a ball
chronic injury + examples
- slowly developed injury associated with overuse
- due to repeated stress placed on a certain body part
e.g. tennis elbow
e.g. stress fractures (shin splints) in basketball players/ runners
acute hard tissue injuries
damage to the bone, joint or cartilage:
- fractures
- dislocations
- subluxations
fractures
- acute hard tissue injuries
- either compound (open)/ simple (closed)
- partial or complete break in a bone due to excessive force that overcomes the bones potential flex
- usually comes from either a DIRECT force (collision/ object) or an INDIRECT force (falling/ poor technique)
symptoms of fractures
symptoms:
- pain at the fracture site
- swelling
- discolouration
dislocations
- acute hard tissue injuries
- the displacement of one bone from another out of their original position
- comes from either DIRECT force (collision or object) or INDIRECT force (a fall pushing the joint past its extreme ROM)
- e.g. shoulder, knee, hip, ankle, elbow, fingers
symptoms:
- loss of movement
- pain
- pop feeling
- deformity/ swelling
symptoms of dislocations
symptoms:
- loss of movement
- pain
- pop feeling
- deformity/ swelling
subluxations
- acute hard tissue injuries
- an incomplete/ partial dislocation
- often causes damage to ligaments (connect bone to bone)
- overstretched ligament can permanently lengthen = decreases stability + increases risk of dislocation
acute soft tissue injuries
damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament:
- sprain
- strain
- abrasion
- tears
- blisters
- concussion
- contusion
sTrain
- acute soft tissue injury
- overstretch or a tear in the tendon (connects muscle to bone)
- caused by over stretching a particular area or contracting muscle fibres too quickly
- most commonly in dynamic/ explosive movements
e.g. lunging to return a drop shot in badminton
e.g. sprinting out of the blocks in 100m
symptoms of sTrains
symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- discolouration
- inability to bear weight
sPrains
- acute soft tissue injury
- overstretch or a tear in the ligament (connects bone to bone)
- caused by a sudden twist, impact or fall that forces the joint beyond its extreme ROM
- most commonly in the ankle
symptoms of sPrains
symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- discolouration
- inability to bear weight
grades - sTrains + sPrains
sTrains:
grade 1 - minor damage to fibres
grade 2 - more extensive, not ruptured
grade 3 - complete rupture = surgery
sPrains:
grade 1 - few lig fibres overstretched
grade 2 - partial tear
grade 3 - total rupture/ detachment = surgery
abrasions
- acute soft tissue injury
- superficial damage to the skin caused a scraping action against a surface
- falling or slipping on a track/ artificial pitch
blisters
- friction forming separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms
- painful but do not stop participation
concussion
- acute soft tissue injury
- traumatic brain injury leading to a disturbance of brain function
- common in sports e.g. boxing, rugby football, American football
symptoms of concussion
- headaches
- dizziness
- nausea
- balance problems
- potential loss of consciousness
- memory loss about the incident
contusion
= bruise
- area of skin/ tissue where the blood vessels have ruptured
- most heal rapidly without a break in play or training
- severe contusion can cause deep tissue damage
- leads to haemotoma
symptoms of contusion
- swelling
- discolouration
- pain?
chronic hard tissue injuries
- stress fractures
chronic soft tissue injuries
- shin splints
- tendinosis
stress fractures
- chronic hard tissue injury
- tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse
- fatigued muscle transfer stress overload to bone tissue
- common in distance runners, tennis, gymnastics, basketballers (repetitive stress)
casues of stress fractures
- poor technique
- sudden increase in intensity/ frequency of training
- reduction in recovery time
- inadequate equipment
- poor flexibility of associated joints
- inadequate warm up/ cool down
shin splints
- chronic soft tissue injury
- chronic shin pain
- repeated overuse of the tibialis anterior = posterior = loading stress –> tenderness + inflammation
- tendon also becomes inflamed = pain on shin
- common in distance runners, dancers, footballers + gymnasts
tendinosis
- chronic soft tissue injury
- the deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse + repetitive strain
- damage to collagen
e.g. tennis elbow
e..g achilles tendinosis
