Injuries & Diseases Impact Vison and Visual Perception

Question 1

blurs the sharp, central vision needed to see straight ahead. Impact the macular, decreases acuity. Wet and dry forms

Wet – abnormal blood vessels grow behind macula causing leakage; causes central vision loss
Dry – macula thins over time gradually blurring central vision

Answer 1

Macular Degeneration

Question 2

leading cause of blindness American Adults, progressive damage to blood vessels of retina. Usually bilateral impact, 4 progressive stages.

Answer 2

Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 3

Clouding of the eye’s lens, causes loss of central vision, blurry or wavy areas in central vision. Leading cause blindness worldwide. Surgical removal.

Answer 3

Cataract

Question 4

Loss of central vision, blurry or wavy areas in central vision. Group of disease that can damage optic nerve. Occurs when normal fluid pressure in eye (10 to 20 mmHg). Generally over 21mmHg diagnostic

Answer 4

Glaucoma

Question 5

aka “lazy eye”, most common visual impairment in children. Eye and brain are not working together, brain “favors” one eye

Answer 5

Amblyopia

Question 6

cross-eyed, lack of coordination between two eyes & optic nerve. Impacts both eyes. Causes eyes to struggle to focus on same point, irises appear to be looking two different directions.

Answer 6

Strabismus

Question 7

extracellular deposits of lipids, proteins & cellular debris. Found in layers of retina. Appear as small yellow deposits. Occur with other conditions

Answer 7

Drusen

Question 8

floaters, spots and/or flashes cross field of vision. Most commonly cloudy or semitransparent vitreous particles

Answer 8

Floaters and spots

Question 9

near-sightedness (near is clear)
Refractive error

Answer 9

Myopia

Question 10

far-sightedness
Refractive error

Answer 10

hyperopia

Question 11

loss ability to up close, occurs between
40 – 50 yrs. age

Answer 11

presbyopia

Question 12

distorted vision at all distances

Answer 12

astigmatism

Question 13

difficulty see difference between similar letters, shapes, objects

Answer 13

Visual discrimination

Question 14

Struggle to distinguish shape from backgrounds

Answer 14

visual figure ground discrimination

Question 15

Struggle to see items, letters in correct order

Answer 15

visual sequencing

Question 16

to use what they see to coordinate how they move, bump into objects, struggle to stay in the lines

Answer 16

visual-motor processing issues

Question 17

struggle to remember shapes, symbols or objects seen, not replicated in auditory memory.

Answer 17

long/short-term visual memory

Question 18

struggle identify where objects are in space

Answer 18

visual spatial issues

Question 19

Switch numbers & letters when writing or may mistake visually similar letters b/d, m/w.

Answer 19

letter and symbol reversal issues

Question 19

Difficulty identifying an object when only parts of the object are showing

Answer 19

visual closure issues

Question 20

neurological disorder characterized by inability to recognize and identify objects or persons using one or more of the senses.

Caused by damage to parietal, temporal or occipital lobes. Areas important for memories of function, importance of objects, sight

Answer 20

agnosia

Question 21

Wat are the types of agnosia?

Answer 21

1. Appreciative
2. Associative
3. Prosopagnosia
4. Topographic Disorientation
5. Pure Alexia

Question 22

unable to recognize an object, even if they can describe object by size, shape texture.. Impairment is to object perception
Generally do better with real object vs picture and even better with movement/pantomime vs static picture

Answer 22

Appreciative Agnosia

Question 23

subtype of visual agnosia – perception intact impairment is to the association of the precept with meaning, difficulty understanding the meaning of what they are seeing. Able to draw or copy the object but do not know what it is

Answer 23

Associative Agnosia

Question 24

inability to recognize faces, aka face blindness. Believed to be related to damage to right fusiform gyrus

Answer 24

Prosopagnosia

Question 25

Acquired inability to navigate the environment in daily life. “Memory deficit in visual realm”
Lesion in medial occipitotemporal area

Answer 25

Topographic Disorientation

Question 26

alexia without agraphia – acquired reading disorder, unable to read despite preservation of other aspects of language including spelling and writing. Associated with occlusion distal branches of left posterior cerebral artery.

Answer 26

Pure Alexia