Anatomy Basics

Question 1

Other word for Anterior, and which direction?

Answer 1

Rostral - to front brain/top spinal cord

Question 2

Other word for Posterior, and which direction?

Answer 2

Caudal - to back brain

Question 3

Define Sagittal

Answer 3

longitudinal cut, divides hemispheres

Question 4

Define Coronal

Answer 4

longitudinal at right angle to Sagittal, divides body front (anterior) to back (posterior)

Question 5

Define transverse/horizontal

Answer 5

• parallel to caudal & rostral (to floor) divides between upper (superior) & lower (inferior)

Question 6

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 6

22

Question 7

Function of cranium?

Answer 7

Encloses and protects the brain, meninges & cerebral vascular system

Question 8

What is in the roof of the cranium?

Answer 8

frontal, occipital and 2 parietal bones

Question 9

What is in the cranial base of the cranium?

Answer 9

frontal, sphenoid, occipital parietal and temporal bones

Question 10

Name some facial bones…

Answer 10

Zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, maxilla, vomer, mandible

Question 11

What are the 3 main sutures of the skull?

Answer 11

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid

Question 12

what does coronal suture fuse?

Answer 12

frontal bone with two parietal bones

Question 13

what does sagittal suture fuse?

Answer 13

parietal bones with each other

Question 14

what does lambdoid suture fuse?

Answer 14

fuses occipital bone with two parietal bones

Question 15

What are fontanelles?

Answer 15

• incompletely fused suture joints in neonates, membranous gaps between bones “Soft spots”

Question 16

What are the 2 major fontanelles?

Answer 16

Frontal Fontanelle - juncture of coronal & sagittal sutures
Occipital Fontanelle - juncture of sagittal & lambdoid

Question 17

What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

Answer 17

CNS (Central Nervous System)
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Question 18

What is included in the CNS?

Answer 18

brain and spinal column
(Brainstem, Cerebellum, Cerebral Hemispheres)

Question 19

What are the components in the PNS?

Answer 19

comprised of nerves and other types cells that Communicate back to CNS

Question 20

Function of the brainstem?

Answer 20

autonomic processes; occurs reflexively ie breathing/heart rate; conducts info from brain to PNS

Question 21

Function of the cerebellum?

Answer 21

aka “little brain”, responsible for balance and coordination of movement

Question 22

Function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 22

higher level, sensory perception, info processing, memory, learning

Question 23

What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 23

Corpus Callosum

Question 24

Function of frontal lobe?

Answer 24

executive function and elements of reasoning, decision making, sensory integration, planning and execution of movement

Question 25

Function of temporal lobe?

Answer 25

processing center for sound, including language and some forms of memory

Question 26

Function of parietal lobes?

Answer 26

somatosensory cortex, processes sensation & touch and some aspects of spatial processing

Question 27

Function of occipital lobe?

Answer 27

responsible for processing & interpreting visual information seat of visual cortex

Question 28

What are the 3 major sulcus?

Answer 28

1. Central Sulcus
2. Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
3. Lateral Sulcus

Question 29

Parts of the neuron?

Answer 29

cell body, axons and dendrites

Question 30

Gray matter:

Answer 30

cell bodies, dendrites and glia cells

Question 31

White matter:

Answer 31

neuron’s axons covered in myelin

Question 32

Myelin:

Answer 32

a fatty insulation that facilitates communication between neurons. The myelin gives the white color.