Anatomy Basics Flashcards
Other word for Anterior, and which direction?
Rostral - to front brain/top spinal cord
Other word for Posterior, and which direction?
Caudal - to back brain
Define Sagittal
longitudinal cut, divides hemispheres
Define Coronal
longitudinal at right angle to Sagittal, divides body front (anterior) to back (posterior)
Define transverse/horizontal
- parallel to caudal & rostral (to floor) divides between upper (superior) & lower (inferior)
How many bones are in the skull?
22
Function of cranium?
Encloses and protects the brain, meninges & cerebral vascular system
What is in the roof of the cranium?
frontal, occipital and 2 parietal bones
What is in the cranial base of the cranium?
frontal, sphenoid, occipital parietal and temporal bones
Name some facial bones…
Zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal conchae, palatine, maxilla, vomer, mandible
What are the 3 main sutures of the skull?
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid
what does coronal suture fuse?
frontal bone with two parietal bones
what does sagittal suture fuse?
parietal bones with each other
what does lambdoid suture fuse?
fuses occipital bone with two parietal bones
What are fontanelles?
- incompletely fused suture joints in neonates, membranous gaps between bones “Soft spots”
What are the 2 major fontanelles?
Frontal Fontanelle - juncture of coronal & sagittal sutures
Occipital Fontanelle - juncture of sagittal & lambdoid
What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
CNS (Central Nervous System)
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
What is included in the CNS?
brain and spinal column
(Brainstem, Cerebellum, Cerebral Hemispheres)
What are the components in the PNS?
comprised of nerves and other types cells that Communicate back to CNS
Function of the brainstem?
autonomic processes; occurs reflexively ie breathing/heart rate; conducts info from brain to PNS
Function of the cerebellum?
aka “little brain”, responsible for balance and coordination of movement
Function of the cerebral cortex?
higher level, sensory perception, info processing, memory, learning
What connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain?
Corpus Callosum
Function of frontal lobe?
executive function and elements of reasoning, decision making, sensory integration, planning and execution of movement
Function of temporal lobe?
processing center for sound, including language and some forms of memory
Function of parietal lobes?
somatosensory cortex, processes sensation & touch and some aspects of spatial processing
Function of occipital lobe?
responsible for processing & interpreting visual information seat of visual cortex
What are the 3 major sulcus?
- Central Sulcus
- Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
- Lateral Sulcus
Parts of the neuron?
cell body, axons and dendrites
Gray matter:
cell bodies, dendrites and glia cells
White matter:
neuron’s axons covered in myelin
Myelin:
a fatty insulation that facilitates communication between neurons. The myelin gives the white color.
