Injuries and Violence

Question 1

quadruple burden of disease

Answer 1

• HIV /AIDS
  -NCDs
• CDs
  -Injuries and violence

Question 2

Injuries

Answer 2

The physical damage that results when a human body is suddenly subjected to energy (mechanical, thermal, radiant, chemical, electrical) in amounts that exceed the threshold of physiological tolerance or an impairment of function resulting from a lack of one or more vital elements (i.e. air, water, warmth).

Question 3

Why do we not give injuries the consideration they deserve as an epidemic?

Answer 3

Not a health problem
Wrong age
Wrong sex
Not preventable

Question 4

Violence

Answer 4

The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation

Question 5

Categorizations of risk factors

Answer 5

• Biological
• Behavioural
• Societal
• Structural

Question 6

Individual- risk facotrs

Answer 6

demographic factors, psychological and
personality disorders,
history of violent behaviour and
having experienced abuse

Question 7

Family/ Community- risk factors

Answer 7

Large families,
mothers having children at a young age,
single parent households,
low socioeconomic status,
abusive parental behaviours including harsh physical punishment and
parental conflict

Question 8

Socio- cultural risk factors

Answer 8

South Africa’s recent history is violent
– apartheid, the liberation struggle, racism, xenophobia

Violence is used to resolve conflict
- service delivery protests, Marikana massacre, mob “justice”
gun culture

Question 9

Socio- structural risk factors

Answer 9

Inequality (world’s highest GINI coefficient);
high unemployment;
rapid urbanisation (internal and external migration)

Question 10

6 key intervention themes (WHO)

Answer 10

Investing in early interventions
Increasing positive adult involvement
Strengthening communities
Changing cultural norms
Reducing income inequality
Improve criminal justice, social welfare

Question 11

3s of MVI prevention

Answer 11

• Education
  -Enforcement
  -Engineering/ environmental modification