Ethical Considerations Flashcards
What does the ethical principle of justice entail?
The ethical principle of justice involves fairness in the distribution of benefits and burdens, ensuring that all individuals are treated equally and without discrimination
What is the principle of non-maleficence?
The principle of non-maleficence requires that researchers and practitioners do no harm to participants or patients, and actively prevent and minimize harm whenever possible.
What does the ethical principle of autonomy emphasize?
The principle of autonomy emphasizes respecting individuals’ rights to make informed decisions about their own lives and bodies, ensuring they have the freedom to choose and control their own actions.
What is the principle of beneficence?
The principle of beneficence requires that actions taken by researchers and practitioners should aim to promote the well-being and best interests of participants or patients, maximizing benefits while minimizing risks.
What is the primary difference between beneficence and non-maleficence?
The primary difference is that beneficence focuses on taking actions to benefit others and promote their well-being, while non-maleficence focuses on avoiding actions that cause harm.
What is utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that suggests the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being. It is focused on the outcomes or consequences of actions
What is the key principle of utilitarianism?
What is the key principle of utilitarianism?
What are deontological approaches?
Deontological approaches are ethical theories that emphasize the importance of following rules, duties, or obligations regardless of the outcomes. It focuses on the inherent morality of actions rather than their consequences
What is the key principle of deontological approaches?
The key principle of deontological approaches is that actions are morally right or wrong based on their adherence to rules or duties, not based on their outcomes.
What is the primary difference between utilitarianism and deontological approaches?
The primary difference is that utilitarianism evaluates the morality of actions based on their outcomes and aims to maximize overall happiness, while deontological approaches evaluate the morality of actions based on adherence to rules or duties, regardless of the consequences.
Obligations of researchers: to the subjects of research
*Protect their welfare
*Obtain their
informed consent
*Protect their Privacy
Obligations of researchers: to society
*To avoid conflict of
interest
*To avoid partiality
*To widen the scope
of epidemiological
research to benefit
communities
*Maintain public
confidence
Obligations of researchers: To colleagues
*To report openly
*Confront
unacceptable
behaviour and
conditions
*Communicate ethical
requirements
Obligations of researchers: To funders and employers
*To specify obligations
*To protect privileged
information
