Inheritence Flashcards
Diploid
An organism with a pair of homologous chromosomes, it has two alleles of each gene
Gene
A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
Allele
A variation or version of a gene
Genotype
The combination of alleles that an organisms has
Phenotype
The physical expression of the genotype and its interaction with the environment
Dominant allele
An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype
Resessive allele
alleles that are only expressed when homozygous
Co dominant allele
Both alleles are expressed in phenotype, phenotype is intermediate
Homozygous
When both alleles are the same
Heterozygous
When alleles are not the same
Locus
The location of the gene on the chromosome
Monohybrid inheritance
Inheritance of a characteristic controlled by a single gene
What is the outcome of F1 generation in monohybrid inheritance
100% heterozygous
Genotype- different
Phenotype- dominant
Dihybrid inheritance
Inheritance of two characteristics that are controlled by separate genes
Epistasis
An interaction of genes… when the expression of one gene suppresses the expression of another gene, when a phenotype is controlled by more than one gene
Autosome
All the non sex chromosomes
Autosomal linkage
Means that more offspring will have the same phenotype and genotype as their parents unless the alleles are separated during crossing over
What are the characteristics of autosomal linkage
Genes that are on the same autosome are linked, they will be inherited together, affects the expected phenotypic ratio from dihybrid cross
What happens if the closer the locus of genes on an autosome are
The more closely linked they are
Homologous pair
Diploid organisms in are pairs of organisms, same genes but different alleles
Sex linkage
The expression of the allele located in the sex chromosome depends on the sex of the individual
