inherited

Question 1

what are the 3 basic type of inherited cardiac conditions

Answer 1

cardiomyopathy
channelopathy
arthropathies

Question 2

examples of cardiomyopathies

Answer 2

hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
dilated cardiomyopathies
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 3

examples of channelopathies

Answer 3

long QT syndrome
brugada syndrome

Question 4

example of arthropathies

Answer 4

Marfan syndrome

Question 5

examples of arrhythmogenic inherited cardiac conditions

Answer 5

cardiomyopathies
1) hypertrophic cm
2) dilated cm
3) arrhythmogenic right ventricular cm

channelopathies
1) long QT syndrome
2) brugada syndrome
3) familial AF

Question 6

what are the different presentations of inherited conditions ?

Answer 6

asymptomatic
symptoms related to underlying causes: arrhythmia or HF
hear rhythm related: breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations, presyncope, syncope , sudden death

Question 7

what are channelopathies?

Answer 7

mutation in genes responsible for the coding for channels

Question 8

what are the characteristics of channelopathies?

Answer 8

abnormalities on ecg eg: long qt on ecg
mainly affecting repolarization
watch for young patients with AF

Question 9

12-year-old presents with lone AF what is most likely diagnosis

Answer 9

channelopathy

Question 10

what are the length of QT in cLQTs

Answer 10

males more than 440
in females more than 460

Question 11

what is the hallmark arrhythmia of cLQTs ?

Answer 11

Polymorphic VT

Question 12

what are signs of LQTS

Answer 12

polymorphic VT
lone AF
Heart block
syncope, SCD in children and young adults

Question 13

what are the triggers of cLQTS and what can cause long qt

Answer 13

holding breath
sudden auditory stimuli
sleep

medications like k channel blockers
hypokalemia

Question 14

management of long QT syndrome

Answer 14

beta-blockers
avoid triggers
correct electrolyte balance

Question 15

what are the signs of brugada syndrome

Answer 15

polymorphic vt
vf
af
st elevation and rbbb in V1 to v3

Question 16

brugada is autosomal recessive t/f

Answer 16

false

Question 17

what are the triggers of VF in brugada syndrome

Answer 17

rest or sleep
fever
excessive alcohol or large meals

Question 18

management of Brugada syndrome

Answer 18

avoidance of excessive alcohol or large meal

treatment of fever

ICD if ventricular arrhythmias

Question 19

what does ICD stands for

Answer 19

implantable-cardio-defibrillator

Question 20

patients with brugada are treated with anti-arrhymaic drugs t/f

Answer 20

false
as beta-blockers may cause more harm

Question 21

what are two types of cardiomyopathies on the basis of underlying causes

Answer 21

primary: no underlying cause
secondary: the known underlying cause

Question 22

what type of murmur can be heard in the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

crescendo-decrescendo-murmur

Question 23

clinical presentation of HOCM

Answer 23

asymptomatic
sudden death
heart failure
angina
atrial fibrillation

Question 24

treatment for HOCM

Answer 24

beta-blockers
calcium channel blockers : verapamil and diltiazem

Question 25

contraindication for HOCM

Answer 25

digoxin : increases foc : inc. obstruction

Question 26

what is dilated cardiac myopathy

Answer 26

thin walls + less foc + less blood out

Question 27

murmur heard in dilated cm

Answer 27

pan systolic murmur
mitral regurgitation

Question 28

management of dilated CM

Answer 28

same as heart failure
AMAN BDS
acei
minralocorticoid
arbs
nisperlyin
beta blockers
diuretics
digoxin
sglt2 inhibitor

Question 29

what happens to cardiomyocytes in case of the ARVCM

Answer 29

fibro-fatty replacement of cardiomyocytes in RV

Question 30

treatment of ARVCM

Answer 30

ICD

Question 31

what medications to avoid in cLQTS

Answer 31

anti-depressants
antibiotics
antihistamines