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cardiology > cardio anatomy > Flashcards

cardio anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the structures present in the hilum of the lung ?

A

pulmonary artery + veins
main bronchus
pulmonary lymphatic vessels
pulmonary visceral afferents and motor nerves

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2
Q

location of the phrenic nerve in the thorax

A

descends across the lateral borders of the pericardium and anterior to the hilum of the lungs

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3
Q

location of the vagus nerve in the thorax

A

runs posterior to the lung hilum

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4
Q

structure of the pericardium

A

fibrous and serious
serious = visceral serious + parietal serous
visceral serious = epicardium

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5
Q

What does hemopericardium stands for ?

A

pericardial cavity filled with the blood

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6
Q

what does cardiac tamponade stands for ?

A

the pressure around the heart prevents the heart from contracting

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7
Q

what is pericardiocentesis ? where is it performed ?

A

the process of draining of the fluid from the pericardial cavity
needle inserted through intrastromal angle and directed super posteriorly

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8
Q

what is pericardial sinus ?

A

separates the outflow (aorta and pulmonary trunk) tracks and the inflow track (svc)

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9
Q

what is the region where apex can be palpated ?

A

5th left intercostal space

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10
Q

which part of the heart forms the most of the base ?

A

left atrium

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11
Q

branches of coronary artery

A

right coronary artery : right marginal artery and right posterior interventricular artery
left coronary artery : left marginal + left circumflex artery + left anterior interventricular artery + left diagonal

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12
Q

where does coronary sinus drains its blood ?

A

right atrium

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13
Q

structure of the pulmonary valve

A

right left anterior

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14
Q

structures of the aortic valve

A

right left posterior

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15
Q

auscultating area for aortic valve

A

2nd intercostal space right sternal border

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16
Q

auscultating area for mitral valve

A

5th intercostal left

17
Q

auscultating area for tricuspid

A

4th intercostal left

18
Q

auscultating area for pulmonary

A

2nd intercostal left

19
Q

What does cardiac plexus contain ?

A

autonomic intervention
para-sympathetic
and visceral afferent nerves

20
Q

where does sympathetic fibers exists the spinal chord ?

A

T1 -L2/3 thoracolumbar

21
Q

What 3 things does sympathetic fibers do after coming out of the spinal cord ?

A

go into the ganglion of that level and synapse

travel superiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion and synapses

travel inferiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion and synapses

22
Q

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves contains sympathetic and para-sympathetic fibers t/f

A

false, it only cointains sympathetic fibers

23
Q

what is the nature of the pain in the somatic ?

A

sharp, stabbing, and well localized

24
Q

what is the nature of pain in the visceral ?

A

dull, aching, nauseating, poorly localized

25
Q

what are the differential diagnosis for the sharp central chest pain ?

A

its somatic

herpes zoster

muscle join and bone

parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium

26
Q

differential diagnosis for the dull central chest pain

A

trachea : tracheitis
aorta : ruptured aneurysm
heart : angina and myocardial infarction
esophagus : esophagitis
abdominal viscera : gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis.

27
Q

blood from the intercostal veins drains into which vein ?

A

azygous vein

28
Q

what is referred pain ?

A

the sensation of the pain felt only at the site remote from the actual area of injury

due to afferent fibers from soma and afferent fibers of vicera entering the spinal cord at the same level

29
Q

between which two ribs transverse thoracic plane is located ?

A

T4 and T5

30
Q

function of phrenic nerve

A

somatic motor to diaphragm
c3 4 5 keeps the diaphragm alive

somatic sensory to :
mediastinal parietal pleura
fibrous pericardium
diphagmatic parietal pleura
diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

31
Q

function of cardiopulmonary splenic nerves

A

group of post synaptic sympathetic fibers

32
Q

structures in superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior

A

brachiocephalic vein
arch of aorta
trachea
esophagus
thoracic duct

33
Q

function of the vagus nerve

A

somatic sensory: palate, laryngopharynx and larynx
somatic motor nerves : pharynx and larynx
autonomic parasympathetic :thoracic and abdominal organs

34
Q

what is cephalic vein ?

A

supercfal vein of the upper limb

35
Q

what is the name of the superficial vein of the upper limb ?

A

cephalic vein

36
Q
A

cardiology (9 decks)

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