cardio anatomy

Question 1

what are the structures present in the hilum of the lung ?

Answer 1

pulmonary artery + veins
main bronchus
pulmonary lymphatic vessels
pulmonary visceral afferents and motor nerves

Question 2

location of the phrenic nerve in the thorax

Answer 2

descends across the lateral borders of the pericardium and anterior to the hilum of the lungs

Question 3

location of the vagus nerve in the thorax

Answer 3

runs posterior to the lung hilum

Question 4

structure of the pericardium

Answer 4

fibrous and serious
serious = visceral serious + parietal serous
visceral serious = epicardium

Question 5

What does hemopericardium stands for ?

Answer 5

pericardial cavity filled with the blood

Question 6

what does cardiac tamponade stands for ?

Answer 6

the pressure around the heart prevents the heart from contracting

Question 7

what is pericardiocentesis ? where is it performed ?

Answer 7

the process of draining of the fluid from the pericardial cavity
needle inserted through intrastromal angle and directed super posteriorly

Question 8

what is pericardial sinus ?

Answer 8

separates the outflow (aorta and pulmonary trunk) tracks and the inflow track (svc)

Question 9

what is the region where apex can be palpated ?

Answer 9

5th left intercostal space

Question 10

which part of the heart forms the most of the base ?

Answer 10

left atrium

Question 11

branches of coronary artery

Answer 11

right coronary artery : right marginal artery and right posterior interventricular artery
left coronary artery : left marginal + left circumflex artery + left anterior interventricular artery + left diagonal

Question 12

where does coronary sinus drains its blood ?

Answer 12

right atrium

Question 13

structure of the pulmonary valve

Answer 13

right left anterior

Question 14

structures of the aortic valve

Answer 14

right left posterior

Question 15

auscultating area for aortic valve

Answer 15

2nd intercostal space right sternal border

Question 16

auscultating area for mitral valve

Answer 16

5th intercostal left

Question 17

auscultating area for tricuspid

Answer 17

4th intercostal left

Question 18

auscultating area for pulmonary

Answer 18

2nd intercostal left

Question 19

What does cardiac plexus contain ?

Answer 19

autonomic intervention
para-sympathetic
and visceral afferent nerves

Question 20

where does sympathetic fibers exists the spinal chord ?

Answer 20

T1 -L2/3 thoracolumbar

Question 21

What 3 things does sympathetic fibers do after coming out of the spinal cord ?

Answer 21

go into the ganglion of that level and synapse

travel superiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion and synapses

travel inferiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion and synapses

Question 22

cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves contains sympathetic and para-sympathetic fibers t/f

Answer 22

false, it only cointains sympathetic fibers

Question 23

what is the nature of the pain in the somatic ?

Answer 23

sharp, stabbing, and well localized

Question 24

what is the nature of pain in the visceral ?

Answer 24

dull, aching, nauseating, poorly localized

Question 25

what are the differential diagnosis for the sharp central chest pain ?

Answer 25

its somatic herpes zoster muscle join and bone parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium

Question 26

differential diagnosis for the dull central chest pain

Answer 26

trachea : tracheitis aorta : ruptured aneurysm heart : angina and myocardial infarction esophagus : esophagitis abdominal viscera : gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis.

Question 27

blood from the intercostal veins drains into which vein ?

Answer 27

azygous vein

Question 28

what is referred pain ?

Answer 28

the sensation of the pain felt only at the site remote from the actual area of injury due to afferent fibers from soma and afferent fibers of vicera entering the spinal cord at the same level

Question 29

between which two ribs transverse thoracic plane is located ?

Answer 29

T4 and T5

Question 30

function of phrenic nerve

Answer 30

somatic motor to diaphragm c3 4 5 keeps the diaphragm alive somatic sensory to : mediastinal parietal pleura fibrous pericardium diphagmatic parietal pleura diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

Question 31

function of cardiopulmonary splenic nerves

Answer 31

group of post synaptic sympathetic fibers

Question 32

structures in superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior

Answer 32

brachiocephalic vein arch of aorta trachea esophagus thoracic duct

Question 33

function of the vagus nerve

Answer 33

somatic sensory: palate, laryngopharynx and larynx somatic motor nerves : pharynx and larynx autonomic parasympathetic :thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 34

what is cephalic vein ?

Answer 34

supercfal vein of the upper limb

Question 35

what is the name of the superficial vein of the upper limb ?

Answer 35

cephalic vein