Cardio drugs Flashcards
division of antithrombotic drugs
antiplatelet drugs : aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor
anticoagulants : heparin, fondaparinux (subcutaneously), warfarin (oral), rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban
fibrinolytics : tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase.
heparin
IV or oral
used in ? 4
side effects : ? 1
IV
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
NSTMI
atrial fibrillation
hemorrhage anywhere
warfarin
IV or oral
used in ? 4
side effects : ? 1
oral
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
NSTMI
atrial fibrillation
hemorrhage anywhere
streptokinase
used in ? 3
side effects : ? 1
contraindication ? 5
STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)
hemorrhage
recent hemorrhage (some CVAs)
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcers
working of digoxin (1)
works on CNS by inhibiting the sympathetic activity from the brain
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
used in ? 3
side effects : ? 1
contraindication ? 5
STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)
hemorrhage
recent hemorrhage some (CVAs)
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcers
anti-arrhythmic
atrial fibrillation
rate control :
rate limiting:
atrial tachycardia :
heart failure drugs :
contraindication (1)
BB, digoxin
non- dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers, flecainide
ace inhibitors
arbs
beta-blockers
mineralocorticoids antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone)
neprilysin inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)
sglt2 inhibitors
diuretics
digoxin
if there is systolic heart failure don’t give calcium channel blockers
division of anti cholesterol drug
stains (simvastatin, atorvastatin)
fibrates (bezafibrates)
PCSK 9 inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab)
siRNA of PCSK9 : (Inclisiran)
division of anti- hypertensive drug
diuretics : thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics
beta-blockers
vasodilators : calcium antagonists
alpha blockers
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blocker
others : mineralocorticoids antagonists
alpha2 agonists
stains :
mech of action ?
name two statins :
used in 4?
side effects 3
blocks HMG CoA reductase
simvastatin, atorvastatin
hypercholesterolaemia
diabetes
angina/ MI
CVA/ TIA
Myalgia/ myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
renal failure
fibrates
name 1
used in ?
Benzafibrides
hypertriglyceridemia
low HDL cholesterol
PCSK 9 inhibitors
name ?
alirocumab and evolocumab
classification of anti hypertensive drugs
diuretics
beta blockers
vasodilators : calcium antagonists
alpha 1 blockers
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers
mineralocorticoid antagonist
alpha 2
diuretics
mech of action
types
side effect s 4
block Na reabsorption in kidney
thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence
thiazide diuretics :
example
used in 1
side effect 4
bendrofluazide
in hypertension
hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence
loop diuretics
example
used in ?
side effect 4
furosemide
heart failure
hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence
cardio selective betablockers
used in ?
side effects :
angina
acute coronary syndrome
myocardial infarction
hypertension
heart failure
heart failure
cold peripheries
calcium antagonists
two types
examples of each type
side effects of each type
uses of each type
and a contraindication of the non-dihydropyridine
dihydropyridines : acts mainly on the vasculature
amlodipine
used in hypertension and angina
side effect : ankle oedema
hydropyridins : acts mainly on the heart
verapamil, diltiazem
used in hypertension, and angina, af and svt
avoid its use with the beta blockers
ACEi
example
used in ?
when it is good for kidneys and when it is bad
side effects
lisinopril
hypertension and heart failure
good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy, bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis
side effects : cough
renal dysfunction
angioneurotic oedema
ARB
example
used in ?
when it is good for kidneys and when it is bad
side effects
losartan
hypertension and heart failure
good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy, bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis
side effects :
renal dysfunction
alpha blockers
example
used for ?
side effect
doxazosin
hypertension
postural hypotension
mineralocorticoid antagonists
mech
examples
used in ?
side effects
block aldosterone receptors
spironolactone and eplerenone
gynaecomastia, hyperkalaemia, renal impairment
alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
example
centrally acting drug
moxonidine
division of anti- anginal drugs
vasodilators
nitrates
nicrorandil
calcium antagonists
slow heart rate
betablockers
calcium antagonists
ivabradine
metabolic modulator
ranolazine #
