Cardio drugs

Question 1

division of antithrombotic drugs

Answer 1

antiplatelet drugs : aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor

anticoagulants : heparin, fondaparinux (subcutaneously), warfarin (oral), rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban

fibrinolytics : tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase.

Question 2

heparin

IV or oral
used in ? 4
side effects : ? 1

Answer 2

IV

deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
NSTMI
atrial fibrillation

hemorrhage anywhere

Question 3

warfarin
IV or oral
used in ? 4
side effects : ? 1

Answer 3

oral

deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
NSTMI
atrial fibrillation

hemorrhage anywhere

Question 4

streptokinase
used in ? 3
side effects : ? 1
contraindication ? 5

Answer 4

STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)

hemorrhage

recent hemorrhage (some CVAs)
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcers

Question 5

working of digoxin (1)

Answer 5

works on CNS by inhibiting the sympathetic activity from the brain

Question 5

tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
used in ? 3
side effects : ? 1
contraindication ? 5

Answer 5

STEMI
Pulmonary embolism (selected cases only)
CVA (selected cases only)

hemorrhage

recent hemorrhage some (CVAs)
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcers

Question 5

anti-arrhythmic

atrial fibrillation
rate control :
rate limiting:

atrial tachycardia :

heart failure drugs :

contraindication (1)

Answer 5

BB, digoxin

non- dihydropyridines calcium channel blockers, flecainide

ace inhibitors
arbs
beta-blockers
mineralocorticoids antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone)
neprilysin inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)
sglt2 inhibitors
diuretics
digoxin

if there is systolic heart failure don’t give calcium channel blockers

Question 5

division of anti cholesterol drug

Answer 5

stains (simvastatin, atorvastatin)
fibrates (bezafibrates)
PCSK 9 inhibitors (evolocumab, alirocumab)
siRNA of PCSK9 : (Inclisiran)

Question 6

division of anti- hypertensive drug

Answer 6

diuretics : thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics
beta-blockers

vasodilators : calcium antagonists
alpha blockers
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blocker

others : mineralocorticoids antagonists
alpha2 agonists

Question 7

stains :
mech of action ?
name two statins :
used in 4?
side effects 3

Answer 7

blocks HMG CoA reductase

simvastatin, atorvastatin

hypercholesterolaemia
diabetes
angina/ MI
CVA/ TIA

Myalgia/ myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
renal failure

Question 8

fibrates
name 1
used in ?

Answer 8

Benzafibrides
hypertriglyceridemia
low HDL cholesterol

Question 9

PCSK 9 inhibitors
name ?

Answer 9

alirocumab and evolocumab

Question 10

classification of anti hypertensive drugs

Answer 10

diuretics
beta blockers

vasodilators : calcium antagonists
alpha 1 blockers
ACE inhibitors
angiotensin receptor blockers

mineralocorticoid antagonist

alpha 2

Question 11

diuretics
mech of action
types

side effect s 4

Answer 11

block Na reabsorption in kidney

thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics

hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence

Question 12

thiazide diuretics :
example
used in 1

side effect 4

Answer 12

bendrofluazide
in hypertension

hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence

Question 13

loop diuretics
example
used in ?

side effect 4

Answer 13

furosemide
heart failure

hypokalaemia - tired, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia - diabetes
uric acid - gout
impotence

Question 14

cardio selective betablockers

used in ?

side effects :

Answer 14

angina
acute coronary syndrome
myocardial infarction
hypertension
heart failure

heart failure
cold peripheries

Question 15

calcium antagonists
two types
examples of each type
side effects of each type
uses of each type
and a contraindication of the non-dihydropyridine

Answer 15

dihydropyridines : acts mainly on the vasculature

amlodipine

used in hypertension and angina

side effect : ankle oedema

hydropyridins : acts mainly on the heart

verapamil, diltiazem
used in hypertension, and angina, af and svt

avoid its use with the beta blockers

Question 16

ACEi
example
used in ?
when it is good for kidneys and when it is bad

side effects

Answer 16

lisinopril
hypertension and heart failure
good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy, bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

side effects : cough
renal dysfunction
angioneurotic oedema

Question 17

ARB

example
used in ?
when it is good for kidneys and when it is bad

side effects

Answer 17

losartan
hypertension and heart failure
good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy, bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

side effects :
renal dysfunction

Question 18

alpha blockers
example
used for ?
side effect

Answer 18

doxazosin
hypertension
postural hypotension

Question 19

mineralocorticoid antagonists
mech
examples
used in ?
side effects

Answer 19

block aldosterone receptors
spironolactone and eplerenone

gynaecomastia, hyperkalaemia, renal impairment

Question 20

alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist
example

Answer 20

centrally acting drug
moxonidine

Question 21

division of anti- anginal drugs

Answer 21

vasodilators
nitrates
nicrorandil
calcium antagonists

slow heart rate
betablockers
calcium antagonists
ivabradine

metabolic modulator
ranolazine #

Question 22

nitrates
mech
examples
used in
side effect

Answer 22

vasodilators
iso-orbidemononitrate

angina, acute heart failure

headache, hypotension

Question 23

ivabradine
mech
why does it not used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation ?
side effect

Answer 23

blocks the funny current
as it can only work in the sinus rhythm

Question 24

ranolazine
mech

Answer 24

late sodium modulator
decrease the calcium load on heart

Question 25

neprilysin inhibitor

Question 26

SLGT2 inhibitor