Inheritance 7.3

Question 1

What is the definition of genotype?

Answer 1

The genetic constitution of an organism, describing all the alleles the organism contains

Question 2

What is the definition of allele?

Answer 2

A different version of a gene

Question 3

What is the definition of a gene?

Answer 3

A base sequence of DNA on a chromosome which codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 4

What is a gamete?

Answer 4

A cell containing the haploid number of chromozomes

Question 5

What is the phenotype?

Answer 5

The expression of the genetic constitution and its interaction with the environment

Question 6

What is the definition of homologous chromosomes?

Answer 6

Chromosomes occur in pairs in diploid cells. They contain the same genes and gene loci, but may have different alleles

Question 7

What is the definition of diploid cells?

Answer 7

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 8

What is the definition of a chromosome?

Answer 8

Made of DNA and histone proteins, each has a different number of them and they contain all the genes for an organism

Question 9

What is the definition of a gene locus?

Answer 9

The allele of each gene is found at a fixed position on each chromosome in a pair

Question 10

What is a mutation?

Answer 10

A change in the DNA, which can change the genotype

Question 11

What does a gene being expressed mean

Answer 11

Expression of a gene means how it is transcribed I to mRNA and then how mRNA is translated into a protein

Question 12

Dominant allele

Answer 12

The allele that is always expressed in the phenotype when in the presence of another identical allele

Question 13

Recessive allele

Answer 13

The allele that is only expressed in the phenotype in the presence of another identical allele

Question 14

Monohybrid inheritance

Answer 14

The inheritance of a single gene on an autosome

Question 15

What is co-dominance

Answer 15

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

Question 16

What is an example of co-dominance

Answer 16

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 17

What is sex-linked inheritance

Answer 17

Inheritance of a gene found on the X or y chromosome

Question 18

What is dihybrid inheritance

Answer 18

Inheritance of 2 different genes on different chromosomes

Question 19

What is Autosomal linked inheritance

Answer 19

Autosomal inheritance is the inheritance of 2 or more genes carried on the same autosome

Question 20

What is epistasis

Answer 20

Epistasis arises when the allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another gene

Question 21

What is a gene pool

Answer 21

All the alleles in a population are know as the gene pool

Question 22

What is the phenotype frequency

Answer 22

How often a phenotype appears in a population
This is easy to measure as we can see the phenotype

Question 23

What is allele frequency

Answer 23

How often an Individual occurs within a gene pool

Question 24

What is the equation for Hardy- Weinberg

Answer 24

Frequency of alleles
p + q = 1
Frequency of genotype
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 25

What are the assumptions of hardy Weinberg

Answer 25

Hardy Weinberg assumes that the frequencies of the alleles and genotypes will be the same in subsequent generations

-the population is large
-mating is random
-there is no immigration
-there are no mutations
-there is no selection

Question 26

What are some uses of Hardy-Weinburg?

Answer 26

How common certain disease causing alleles are in a population
_________ the rate of evolution by seeing if the allele frequencies change over time

Question 27

What is the definition of genome?

Answer 27

All the different alleles an organism contains

Question 28

What is the definition of genome?

Answer 28

All the different alleles an organism contains