Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Carbohydrates Unit 1.1 > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Unit 1.1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Monomer?

A
  • Small soluble Molecule

- Can join to other similar monomers to form a Polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Polymer?

A
  • Large insoluble Molecule

- Made up of many similar Repeating Monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 3 examples of a Monomer?

A
  • Monosaccharide
  • Amino Acid
  • Nucleotide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What polymer do monosaccharides form?

A
  • Disaccharides

- Polysaccharides (Carbohydrates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Polymer do Amino acids join together to form?

A

-Polypeptides (protiens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What Polymer do Nucleotides form?

A

Polynucleotides (DNA/RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What reaction breaks the chemical bond between two molecules?

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs in a condensation reaction?

A
  • Joins two Monomers together with a chemical bond

- A water molecule is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occurs in a Hydrolysis reaction?

A
  • Breaks the chemical bond between two monomers

- A water molecule is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of Alpha Glucose?

A

-Two Hs at the top of the structure
-Two OHs at the bottom of the structure
(methyl group and
oxygen atom on top)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the structure of Beta glucose?

A
  • Two Hs on opposite sides of structure
    -Two OHs on opposite sides of structure
    (oxygen atom and methyl group on top}
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are Disaccharides formed?

A

-Condensation reaction between two Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Disaccharide do two alpha glucose form?

A

-Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Disaccharide do Alpha glucose and Fructose form?

A

-Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two Monosaccharides form lactose?

A

-Alpha Glucose and Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the reaction occur in a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?

A

-the OH groups on carbon 4 of one monosaccharide
-the OH group on carbon 1 of the other monosaccharide
(H2O removed leaving 1 oxygen)

17
Q

What Bond is formed between two Monosaccharides in a condensation reaction and what molecule is removed?

A
  • 1,4 glycosidic bond

- H20 molecule

18
Q

How are Polysaccharides formed?

A

The condensation of monosaccharide units (glucose monomers)

19
Q

How is glycogen and starch formed?

A

-The condensation of alpha-glucose

20
Q

What is formed through the condensation of two beta-glucose monomers?

A

-Cellulose

21
Q

What is different about the condensation of beta-glucose to alpha-glucose?

A

-Every other glucose molecule is inverted so OH groups from carbon 1 and 4 are adjacent and can join together

22
Q

What is the storage molecule in plants?

A

-Starch

23
Q

What makes Starch a good storage molecule in plants?

A 
Insoluble
  -Does not affect osmosis
Coiled into a helix
  -more compact
Branched
  -large surface area for rapid hydrolysis to form alpha glucose
Large
  -does not diffuse across cell membrane and out of cells
24
Q

What makes Starch a good storage molecule in plants?

A 
Insoluble
  -Does not affect osmosis
Coiled into a helix
  -more compact
Branched
  -large surface area for rapid hydrolysis to from alpha glucose
Large
  -does not diffuse across cell membrane and out of cells
25
Q

What is the storage molecule in animals?

A

-Glycogen

26
Q

What makes glycogen a good storage molecule in animals

A

Insoluble
-does not affect water potential
Large
-does not diffuse of of cell
Shorter chains, more highly branched and larger surface area than starch
-can be easily hydrolysed into glucose (used in ATP production)

27
Q

What is the structural polysaccharide in plants

A

-Cellulose

28
Q

How does the structure of cellulose relate to its function?

A
  • long, straight, unbranched chains of beta-glucose
  • Chains linked together by many hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils
  • provides strength to cell wall
  • hydrogen bonds make cellulose strong
29
Q

what is the Benedict’s test for reducing sugar?

A
  • Add Benedict’s reagent
  • Heat at 95*C
  • Blue to Brick red colour change
30
Q

What is the Benedict’s test for non-reducing sugar

A
  • Add hydrochloric acid and heat
  • Neutralise acid with sodium hydrogen carbonate
  • Add benedict’s reagent
  • Heat at 95*C
  • Blue to brick red colour change
31
Q

What is the test for starch

A
  • Add iodine in potassium iodide

- Yellow/brown to blue-black colour change

Biology (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions