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Biology > DNA And Protien Synthesis 4.1 > Flashcards

DNA And Protien Synthesis 4.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene

A

-a sequence of DNA/RNA that codes for an amino acid

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2
Q

What is the gene locus

A

The specific position of a gene on a chromosome

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3
Q

What is an intron

A

A NON-CODING section of a gene

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4
Q

What is an exon

A

A coding section of DNA

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5
Q

What are non coding multiple repeats

A

Non-coding sections of DNA found between genes

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6
Q

Why can much of DNA be considered as non-coding

A

-contain non-coding repeat units between genes
-Contain non-coding introns in gene

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7
Q

What are the proteins that associate with eukaryotic DNA

A

Histones

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8
Q

What is a Chromosome

A

-A long linear strand of DNA attached to a histone

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9
Q

Describe the DNA in eukaryotes

A

-Longer and linear
-Contains introns and exons
-attached to histones
-in chromosomes

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10
Q

Describe the DNA in prokaryotes

A

-DNA is shorter
-DNA is not associated with proteins
-DNA contains exons only
-DNA in short circular loops

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11
Q

Describe DNA in chloroplast and mitochondria

A

-DNA in short circular loops
-DNA not associated with protiens

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12
Q

Why is genetic got described as degenerate

A

-Most amino acids are coded for by more than 1 triplet

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13
Q

Why is genetic code described as non-overlapping

A

-Each base is only read once

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14
Q

Why is genetic code described as universal

A

-each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

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15
Q

What is the genome?

A

All the different alleles an organism contains

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16
Q

What is a preotome?

A

-The FULL RANGE of proteins that a cell is able to produce

17
Q

State the differences between and DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide

A

DNA nucleotide:
-Contains deoxyribose
RNA nucleotide
-contains ribose sugar
( Both contains phosphate and base)

18
Q

Describe the structure of mRNA
(Messenger RNA)

A

-straight chain
-Single chain
-Base sequence is complimentary to DNA code
-Carries ‘blue print’ from nucleus to cytoplasm
-contain codons

19
Q

Describe the structure of tRNA
(Transfer RNA)

A

-clover leaf shape
-Carries amino acid the the ribosome
-Amino acid binding site
-Have anticodon complimentary to codon on mRNA

20
Q

What is a codon?

A

-Sequence of three bases coding for an amino acid on mrna

21
Q

What is an anticodon

A

-region of 3 bases
-Specific to amino acid on tRNA
-complimentary to codon on mRNA

22
Q

What is pre-mRNA

A

-mRNA before splicing
-Contains introns and exons

23
Q

What is splicing

A

-Introns are removed from mRNA through “splicing”(only in eukaryotes)
-Exons are joined together to produce an RNA molecule that only has coding regions in the gene mRNA passes out of the nucleus via nuclear pore
-mRNA goes to ribosome (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

24
Q

Describe the process of transcription

A

-Enzyme unwinds DNA
-one strand is used as a template called the template strand
-Complimentary RNA nucleotides join with exposed DNA bases via base pairings on the template strand
U to A, A to T and C to G

25
Q

Describe the process of Translation

A

-mRNA attaches to ribosome
-Moves to bind to start codon
-tRNA carrying a specific amino acid binds to the first codon on mRNA via complimentary base pairings with its anticodon
-Second tRNA carrying a specific amino acid binds to the first codon on mRNA via complimentary base pairings with its anticodon
- Second tRNA carrying a specific amino acid binds to the first codon on mRNA, via complimentary base pairings with its anticodon
-Enzymes join amino acids together forming a peptide bond using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
-Ribosome moves along mRNA to the next codon
-The tRNA is lost from the first codon it no longer has an amino acid which moves away to collect another of the same amino acid
- process repeats with the addition of one amino acid (ATP required) each time untill the codon is reached
- polypeptide is releases

26
Q

What is a triplet

A

-3 bases on a DNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

27
Q

What is a stop codon

A

-Marks the end of protein synthesis

Biology (30 decks)

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