inheritance Flashcards
Describe the Mendel Experiment
Cross pea plants by brushing their pollen to another plant to predict inheritance
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA encodes for a specific protein
What is an allele?
A variation of the same gene (might be because of different bases)
What is the gene encodes for detect bitter flavour?
TAS2R38
Label this types of alleles
TT,Tt,tt
Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and homozygous recessive
What is phenotypic plasticity?
The ability of an organism to change a trait in response to environmental factors. Allows individual to adapt different environmental conditions
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
recessive disorders caused by a mutation in chromosome 12 that encodes for Phenylalanine Hydroxylase (PHA) which turns Phenylalanine into Tyrosine, toxic levels
What is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)?
Common mutations (At least 1% of ppl) caused by the change for a single nucleotide
Why blood type is a multiple allele trait?
Because it comes from gene ABO found in chromosome 9 and each allele encodes for glycosyltranferase which turns sugars into antigens for RBC
What is the phenomenon in AB blood type?
Codominance
IÂI^B
What is the genotype of gene for blood type O?
ii (homozygous recessive)
What is incomplete codominace?
Tow different phenotypes give an intermedium offspring (notation; C^wC^r
What determines the sex of the child?
Sperm
What is the gene that encodes for transcription factors to develop male gonads?
SRY gene
What is aneuploidy and polyploid?
Have an extra chromosome and more than two extra sets
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
Additional copy of chromosome X has female traits
What is the difference between X and Y chromosome?
Chromosome X- larger and 900 genes
Chromosome Y- shorter and 55 genes
What are the clotting factors that are insufficient in hemophilia?
Factors eight and nine
What is discrete variation?
It Has clasifications
What is a continous variation?
Phenotypes that show a big difference between two sides
What is a polygenic variation?
It is controlled by more than one gene
What are unliked chromosomes?
They are found on different chromosomes
What is a non-disjunction
Failure in separating sister chromatids
What is independent assorment?
The independent inheritance of an allele due to the separation of sister chromatids
What is a dihybrid cross?
It considers the inheritance of two traits (GGBb)
How are called the genes with an exacct position?
Gene loci
Why linked genes don’t follow Mendel assorment rules?
Because they are nearby each other so they assort as a unit
A linked gene can assort independently?
Yes, if is further and has material exchange
During prophase I in synapse- occurs crossing over
What happens during crossing over?
Sister chromatids join in chiasmata
