Diversity of organisms Flashcards
How is the classification species nowadays?
By DNA
How was Linnaeus species classification?
Morphological concept based on traits and physical characteristics
What includes the binomial nomenclature?
Genus and species
What is a sexual dimorphism?
When individuals of same specie look different if they are female/male
How is the classification of species in a biology definition?
By interbreeding
What is speciation?
Create one or more species by the splitting of an pre-existing specie
What is a karyogram?
The image of the chromosomes
What is theory about the relation between humans and chimpanzees?
At some point chromosomes 12 and 13 (chimpanzee) fuse and create chromosome 2 (human)
What is the difference of genome among eukaryotic organisms?
Size (number of bases) and bases (sequences expressed)
What is genome sequencing?
Process of order the bases in genome
Why is a reason for different species interbreed produce infertile offspring?
The mismatch in the number of chromosomes
Who are capable to perform horizontal gene transfer and what is?
Prokaryotes; exchange genetic material between individual (without reproduction)
Why prokaryotes are an exception to the biology concept of species?
Because they perform asexual reproduction and
What is a dichotomous key?
Tool for aid in species classification based on questions of physical characteristics
What is DNA barcoding?
Method obtaining environmental sampling and the determination of species matching them by DNA
Name (in order) all taxonomy levels
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
Why traditional hierarchy of taxa is not completely accurate?
Because it doesn’t reflect complex evolution process and initially it was based on shared traits
What are some advantages of classification with amino/nucleic acids?
Reflects evolutionary relationships
Reflects evolution process
It can predict characteristics of the organism
Helps understanding diversity by context of evolution
How can be analyzed the molecular evidence of clades?
DNA from cytochrome c (small protein from mitochondria involved in cell respiration)
What is a molecular clock?
A technique since there was a single common ancestor
What depends on the efficiency of the information of the molecular clock?
Genome size
Size of population
Selection pressures
What is a calibration point?
The exact moment since both species start to diverged
What is a cladigram?
Diagram that shows relation between species in terms of evolution
Label the three parts of a cladiogram
Root- common ancestor of all
Node- Branch representing the ancestor
Terminal branch- species still existing
How works the mutations on a cladiogram and what is the relation between branches?
The mutations are at a constant rate; between more nodes in a species less relation
Where can be obtained the most accurate DNA sequence for a molecular clock?
DNA coding from ribosomal RNA (most conserved genes)
