inheritance

Question 1

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 1

A pair of chromosomes in
diploid cells. One inherited from mother, one from father.
Same size, same genes, but may have diff alleles.

Question 2

Sex chromosomes

Answer 2

X and Y chromosome

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

All chromosomes except sex chromosomes

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

a specific DNA seq that codes for polypeptide

Question 5

Sex-linked genes

Answer 5

genes on sex chromosome

Question 6

Autosomal-linked genes =

Answer 6

genes on autosomes

Question 7

Linked genes

Answer 7

all genes on the same chromosome.
They are in a linkage group. Likely to be inherited
together. (Not the same with sex/autosomal-linked genes)

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

a form of gene

Question 9

Locus (plural: loci)

Answer 9

position of gene on chromosome

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

diploid cells

Answer 12

have two sets of chromosomes (2n)
= 2 copies of each gene = 2 alleles
* 1 maternal, 1 paternal

Question 13

Somatic cells

Answer 13

all cells except for gametes

Question 14

In humans: 2n =

Answer 14

46
→ Result of mitosis

Question 15

Answer 15

diploid cells

Question 16

Haploid cells

Answer 16

have only one set of chromosomes (n)
= Only one copy of each gene = 1 allele
Gametes / germ cells

Question 17

In humans: n =

Answer 17

23
→ Result of meiosis

Question 18

Answer 18

haploid

Question 19

Meiosis

• Aka

Answer 19

reduction division

Question 20

meiosis happens before

Answer 20

fertilisation in sexual
reproduction

Question 21

Importance of meiosis:

Answer 21

• To produce gametes / sex cells with
  half the no. of chromosomes
• Maintain the diploid no. of
  chromosomes in each generation
• To produce genetic variation in offspring