Inguinal Canal

Question 1

What covers the testis?

Answer 1

fibrous Tunica albuginea, then the visceral tunica vaginalis

Question 2

Where are sperm formed?

Answer 2

seminiferous tubules (testosterone also produced here)

Question 3

Trace sperm through the testes

Answer 3

Seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, rete testes, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens.

Question 4

What is function of epididymis

Answer 4

maturation of sperm

Question 5

What is contained in the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

Spermatic cord in males and round ligament in females

Question 6

Trace pathway of the testes through abdomen

Answer 6

deep to superficial: parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia (deep ring), transversus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique (superficial ring).

Question 7

what makes up the superficial and deep rings?

Answer 7

external oblique fascia and transversalis fascia respectively

Question 8

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 8

Ant: aponeurosis of external oblique.
Floor: inguinal ligament
Floor medially: lacunar ligament
Posteriorly: transversalis fascia
Posterior medially: conjoint tendon

Question 9

What do the parietal peritonuem and transversalis fascia become in the testes?

Answer 9

Tunica vaginalis and inner spermatic fascia, respectively

Question 10

What do the internal and external obliques become in the testes?

Answer 10

cremasteric muscle (pulls testicle superiorly) and fascia, and external spermatic fascia, respectively

Question 11

What does Scarpa’s fascia become in the testes?

Answer 11

Dartos muscle (wrinkling muscle) and fascia

Question 12

What is unique about the transversus abdominus in relation to inguinal canal?

Answer 12

Does not contribute to spermatic cord and forms over the cord. It is not pierced by cord.

Question 13

What are some properties of the testicular veins and arteries?

Answer 13

L test vein drains to left renal vein while R test vein drains to IVC. The arteries come off aorta by kidneys and descend through inguinal canal.

Question 14

What is function of pampiniform plexus?

Answer 14

assists in cooling the testes by pooling more cool blood in the testes than the artery is supplying.

Question 15

What is function of gubernaculum?

Answer 15

ligamentous structure that attaches to testis or ovary and to the scrotal or labial folds. Governs descent through inguinal canal. Doesn’t shorten, fetus grows around it.

Question 16

List some homologies of female with the male anatomy

Answer 16

Labia majora=scrotum, gubernaculm becomes ovarian and round ligament, round ligament similar to spermatic cord, cremaster is much smaller in females.

Question 17

What is a hernia?

Answer 17

Weakness in the body wall allowing abdominal contents to poke through the fascia.

Question 18

What are the most common types of hernias and etiology?

Answer 18

1. Direct: through hasselbach’s triangle, contained by external oblique or push through superficial ring
2. Indirect: patent processus vaginalis, through spermatic cord
3. Femoral: below inguinal ligament with femoral vessels

Question 19

Difference between hydrocele and hematocele?

Answer 19

Hydrocele is fluid in the testes, hematocele is blood in the testes

Question 20

What is a spermatocele?

Answer 20

Cyst within the head of epididymis. Very common and benign.

Question 21

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 21

Failure of testes to descend. 80% will descend in first year.

Question 22

Definition of orchid

Answer 22

testicle in greek. Mono and poly orchidism is one or more than two testis.