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Anatomy Test 4 > Abdominal Cavity 1 > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ectoderm form in the gut?

A

Anus (proctodeum) and mouth (stomodeum)

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2
Q

What does the mesoderm form in the gut

A

Splanchnic mesoderm: muscles, muscular walls, and most connective tissues including bones

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3
Q

What does endoderm form in gut?

A

Lining of gut and most gut derived organs

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4
Q

What is function of yolk sac?

A

Provides nourishment for baby before placenta is formed.

Also forms respiratory tract, genitourinary system and gastrointestinal tract.

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5
Q

What comprises the foregut?

A

Stomodeum to first 1/3 of duodenum.
Arterial Supply is celiac trunk
Also gives rise to pharyngeal pouches

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6
Q

Contents of the midgut?

A

Last 2/3 of duodnum to proximal 2/3 of colon.
Arterial supply is superior mesenteric artery
Gives rise to yolk stalk

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7
Q

Contents of the hindgut?

A

Last 1/3 of colon to proctodeum.
Arterial supply: inferior mesenteric artery
Gives rise to allantois

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8
Q

What is recanalization?

A

Hollowing of the primitive gut tube. Done at vacuoles. Errors cause atresia (blockage) or stenosis (narrowing)

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9
Q

The mesentaries are composed of what?

A

Double layer of peritoneum derived from splanchnic mesoderm. Have parietal and visceral components.

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10
Q

What does the ventral mesentary disintegrate into?

A

falciform ligament: from liver to ventral body wall
coronary ligament: liver to diaphragm.
lesser omentum from liver to stomach and duodenum. not attached to body wall.

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11
Q

An organ suspended in the mesentary is called _________

A

intraperitoneal (stomach, spleen, transverse colon)

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12
Q

An organ that has always been behind the peritoneum is called __________

A

Primarily retroperitoneal (esophagus, rectum, anal canal, kidneys)

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13
Q

An organ that has developed in mesentary and is now behind mesentary due to rotation and mesentaric fusing is called _____________

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal (distal 2/3 of duodenum, ascending and descending colon)

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14
Q

What mnemonic is good for knowing what is retroperitoneal?

A

Suprarenal glands
Aorta, vena cava
Duodenum (2nd and 3rd)

Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (asc and desc)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
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15
Q

What comprises the foregut?

A

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach and proximal 1/3 of duodenum

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16
Q

What develops off the foregut?

A

Pharyngeal pouches, lower respiratory system, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

17
Q

What creates the curvatures of the stomach?

A

the dorsal border grows faster than the ventral border (creates greater and lesser curvatures)

18
Q

Describe stomach development

A

Rotates 90 degrees along longitudinal axis
Lesser curve moves right
Greater curve moves left
Vagus nerves twist with stomach, R ends up on dorsal surface, L on ventral surface.

19
Q

What is spleen derived from?

A

NOT endoderm. Splanchnic Mesoderm of dorsal mesentary

20
Q

How does the pancreas form?

A

Two buds: one ventral (small) and other dorsal, as it twists they get smacked together to form one pancreas

21
Q

What forms the ducts for liver, pancreas and gallbladder?

A

Solid ventral outgrowths of the duodenum

22
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A

Pancreas strangling the gut tube due to improper rotation.

23
Q

What does the midgut rotate around during development?

A

Superior mesenteric artery (also the primary artery of midgut)

24
Q

What are the contents of the midgut?

A

Small intestine (besides 1st 1/3 of duodenum), cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

25
Q

Describe midgut rotation

A

Rotates counter-clockwise viewed from ventral side.

26
Q

What errors can occur during midgut development?

A

Non rotation
Mixed rotation and volvulus (blockage due to intestine twisting around itself)
Reversed rotation
Internal hernia (mesentary enclosing intestines)
Midgut volvulus with duodenal obstruction

27
Q

What develops from hindgut

A

urinary bladder and most of urethra

28
Q

What are the contents of the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, superior part of anal canal

29
Q

What does the urorectal septum divide?

A

Allantois and yolk stalk. Separates cloaca into urogenital membrane and anal membrane.

30
Q

What is the pectinate line and some significant features of it?

A

Separates anal canal into endoderm (above) and ectoderm (below). No pain receptors above the lie. Above the drainage and innervation is same as hindgut. Below is abdominal wall.

31
Q

Rectourethral fistula clinical presentation

A

Peeing feces due to connection of rectum and urethra

32
Q

Rectovaginal fistual clinical presentation

A

Feces coming out of vagina due to connection of rectum and vagina.

Anatomy Test 4 (6 decks)

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