Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards
What are the parts of the greater omentum?
Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) ligament
Gastrocolic ligament
What divides the lesser and greater omentum?
The stomach. From liver to stomach is lesser, from stomach to rest of abdominal contents is greater.
What is the only part of the large intestine that is intraperitoneal?
Transverse colon.
What are the parts of the lesser omentum?
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Hepatogastric ligament
What is the bare area of the liver?
Part of the liver under the coronary ligament that doesn’t have any peritoneum on it.
What is the main function of the stomach?
Mechanical, not chemical digestion and food storage. Done via muscular contractions and acid.
What is the function of stomach rugae?
Allows the stomach to stretch.
What is the difference between a sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Sliding: cardiac portion of stomach will slide into thorax and back into abdomen.
Paraesophageal: more severe and painful. This is the stomach into the thorax. Can cause digestion and breathing problems.
What kind of digestion is performed in the small intestine?
Chemical digestion. Duodenum neutralizes chyme by secreting HCO3-.
What is the difference between the major and minor duodenal papilla?
Major is where pancreatic and liver secretions drain into the duodenum. Minor is only pancreatic secretions.
How do you differentiate the small intestine sections?
Jejunum: fat doesn’t come down all the way to the intestine. Only 1 major loop of blood vessel with vessels coming to the intestine
Ileum: fat comes all the way and overlaps the intestine. Lots of blood vessel circles with short arteries.
What is the function of the appendix?
Storage of certain organisms and immune function of the intestine.
What are the main functions of the liver?
Protein synthesis
Bile secretion
Metabolism (and storage of metabolites)
Detoxification
What is the innervation of the liver?
Celiac plexus
How many lobes does the liver contain?
4: Right, Left, caudate, quadrate (part of the right lobe right by gallbaldder)
What type of blood does the hepatic portal vein supply to liver?
Oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood. Carries toxins to be removed from circulation.
What are the functions of the gallbladder?
Bile storage, concentration and release
What are the problems with gallstones?
Lodged stone in the duct causes intense pain. Can also cause post hepatic jaundice.
What is the function of the pancreas?
Producing the main digestive enzymes to digest nearly all parts of food.
Insulin and glucagon synthesis.
Innervation of the pancreas?
Celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus
The functions of the spleen include:
Destroys senescent red blood cells.
Rapid proliferation of monocytes and mature lymphocytes in response to antigens.
What is splenomegaly?
Large spleen. Can be caused by infections (ie mononucleosis) and liver issues. Cancers of blood and bone also can cause it.
