Abdominal Cavity II

Question 1

Describe the esophagus

Answer 1

Muscular tube (voluntary in pharynx and involuntary at gastric end) that transports food from mouth to stomach.

Question 2

List the parts of the stomach:

Answer 2

Cardiac portion and notch
Fundus
Body
Pyloric area (antrum and canal and pylorus)
Greater and lesser curves
Stomach Mesentaries including greater and lesser omentum

Question 3

What are the three subsets of the small intestine?

Answer 3

Duodenum (entry of excretions from liver, gallbladder and pancreas. part intraperitoneal and part secondary retro)
Jejunum (intraperitoneal)
Ileum (intraperitoneal)

Question 4

What are the five subdivisions of the duodenum?

Answer 4

Superior - intraperitoneal
Descending - secondary retro
Horizontal - second retro
Ascending - second retro
terminal slip - intra

Question 5

Subsets of large intestine?

Answer 5

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Question 6

What structures differntiate small and large intestine

Answer 6

Haustra - bubbly pouches on large.
Tenia coli - ribbon on top of large intestine
Epiploic appendages - fat droplets that hang off the large intestine

Question 7

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 7

Splenic artery (largest)
Left gastric artery (cardiac region of stomach)
Common Hepatic artery (large heading right)

Question 8

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Answer 8

Pancreatic arteries
Short gastric arteries (stomach near spleen)
Left gastro-omental artery (left side of great curve of stomach)

Question 9

What are branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 9

Gastroduodenal
Right gastric artery (right lesser curve of stomach)
Proper hepatic artery (left goes to liver. right goes to liver, gives off cystic a to gallbladder)

Question 10

Branches of the gastroduodenal a?

Answer 10

Right gastro-omental (right side of greater curve)
Superior pancreaticoduodenal (stomach, pancreas, head of duodenum)
Supraduodenal (superior duodenum. sometimes absent)

Question 11

What is another name for anastomosing loops and straight arteries?

Answer 11

arcades and arteria rectae respectively

Question 12

What artery anastomoses with the SMA and IMA?

Answer 12

marginal artery off the SMA.

Question 13

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 13

Left colic a (descending colon)
Sigmoid a (sigmoid colon. has many branches)
Superior rectal a (proximal rectum)

Question 14

What veins drain the portions of the gut?

Answer 14

Foregut: splenic vein
Midgut: superior mesenteric vein
Hindgut: inferior mesenteric vein

Question 15

Where does nearly all the blood from the abdomen drain?

Answer 15

Hepatic portal system

Question 16

What drains the lower part of rectum and anal canal?

Answer 16

iliac veins to the vena cava

Question 17

Why is portal hypertension bad and what causes it?

Answer 17

Liver disease causes. Anastomoses bypass portal system not detoxifying as much.

Question 18

What does anastomosis in the esophagus cause?

Answer 18

esophageal varices

Question 19

What does portal hypertension cause in the rectal area?

Answer 19

hemorrhoids (specifically internal)

Question 20

What does portal hypertension cause in umbilical region?

Answer 20

caput medusa (umbilical vein hypertension. seen as bulging under skin around umbilicus)