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NB2 > Infratemporal And Pterygopalatine Fossae > Flashcards

Infratemporal And Pterygopalatine Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the infratemporal fossae?

A

• It is the space inferior to the temporal fossa

• Complex space that serves as the gateway for neurovascular structures between
– cranial cavity and oral cavity
– cranial cavity and nasal cavity

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2
Q

What is contained within the infratemporal fossae?

A 
• Contains
– Lateral & medial pterygoid muscles
 – Temporalis muscle
– Maxillary artery
– Pterygoid venous plexus
– Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve 
– Chorda tympani nerve
– Otic ganglion
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3
Q

What make up the roof of the infratemporal fossa?

A

– Greater wing of sphenoid
– Temporal bone
• Foramen ovale (CNV3) and spinosum (middle
meningeal artery)

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4
Q

What make up the lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

• Lateral wall
– Ramus of mandible
• Mandibular Foramen

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5
Q

What make up the anterior wall of the infratemporal wall?

A

• Anterior wall

Maxilla

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6
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Posterior wall
Styloid process Mastoid process Stylomastoid foramen
(CNVII)

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7
Q

What forms the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure
(gateway to PT fossa)
Lateral pterygoid plate

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8
Q

What is the classification of the temporomandibular joint?

A

Classification
– Atypical synovial joint
– Modified hinge/ condylar

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9
Q

What are the Articular surfaces of the tempo mandibular joint?

A 
• Articular surfaces:
– Condyle of the mandible
– Articular tubercle of temporal bone
(anteriorly)
– Mandibular fossa
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10
Q

What nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint?

A

Innervation

– Auriculotemporal nerve

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11
Q

What’s the special feature of the temporomandibular joint?

A

Special feature

– Articular disc, helps glide over the articular tubercle when opening mouth

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12
Q

What is special about the temporomandibular joint Articular surface?

A
  • Articular surfaces not covered with hyaline cartilage
  • Fibrocartilage resembling epiphyseal plate
  • Withstand shear and compression forces
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13
Q

Contrast the location and function of the lateral and medial pterygoid?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid plate Mandibular neck Depression and protrusion

Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid plate
Internal aspect of the mandibular angle
Elevation

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14
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Lateral pterygoid

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

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15
Q

Where does the temporalis insert? What it’s movement?

A

Temporalis
Temporal fossa, mandibular head and neck
Elevation and retrusion

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16
Q

What are the insertions of the lateral pterygoid? What’s its function?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid plate, mandibular neck
Depression and protrusion

17
Q

What are the insertions of the masseter? What’s the function and movements of the masseter?

A

Masseter
Angle of mandible, zygomatic arch
Elevation, protrusion, retrusion

18
Q

What’s the insertions and functions of the medial pterygoid?

A

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid plate, internal aspect of the mandibular angle
Elevation

19
Q

What muscles are responsible for depression ?

A

Gravity

Digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid

20
Q

What muscles are responsible for elevation?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

21
Q

What muscles are responsible for retraction?

A

Posterior fibers of Temporalis, deep part of masseter and geniohyoid and digastric

22
Q

What muscles are responsible for protrusion ?

A

Lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid

23
Q

What is the terminal branch of the external carotid? What does it supply?

A

Maxillary artery

  • Terminal branch of the external carotid artery
  • Supplies the deeper structures of the face
  • Branches are arranged mainly around the lateral pterygoid muscl
24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery?

A
  • 1st part gives branches that enter foramina
  • 2nd part supply muscles
  • 3rd part gives branches that enter foramina
25
Q

What does sphenopalatine a. Supply?

A

Passes through the sphenopalatine Foramen

Supplies the nasal cavity

26
Q

What does the infraorbital artery supply?

A

Passes through Infraorbital foramen

Maxillary sinus Face inferior to the eye

27
Q

What does posterior superior alveolar supply?

A

Supplies upper teeth

28
Q

What does descending palatine artery supply?

A

Divides into lesser and greater palatine

29
Q

What two arteries anastomose in the incisive Foramen?

A

Descending palatine and sphenopalatine

anastomose through the incisive Foramen

30
Q

What are the important inter veinous connections?

A

There are extensive connections between the cavernous sinus and;
– the veins of the face
– pterygoid plexus of veins in the infratemporal fossa
• Since these veins have no valves, infections and/or thrombi may easily travel to the cavernous sinus through any of these channels
• Deep facial vein joins the pterygoid plexus
• Maxillary vein continues from the pterygoid plexus
• Angular vein becomes the facial vein and joins with the labial veins
• Both the facial and maxillary veins drain into the retromandibular

31
Q

What is the danger area of the face?

A

Facial vein connections with deeper veins

  • To cavernous sinus by superior ophthalmic veins (angular vein)
  • To pterygoid venous plexus by deep facial vein and then to cavernous sinus through inf ophthalmic or emissary veins
  • Valveless connections

• Infections in the danger area of the face can very easily be
disseminated intracranially

32
Q

Where is the pterygopalayine fossa

A
  • Located “inside” the infratemporal fossa
  • Serves as a gateway to the nasal apparatus
  • Containsthepterygopalatineganglion/hayfever ganglion
33
Q

What are the walls of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

– Roof: body of sphenoid
– Medial: perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
– Anterior: posterior wall of maxilla
– Posterior: sphenoid

34
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

– Maxillary artery
(pterygomaxillary fissure)
– Maxillary nerve (Foramen rotundum)
– Pterygopalatine ganglion

35
Q

What are the nerves associated with the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • V2 – Maxillary nerve (sensory) – enter via foramen rotundum
  • Infraorbital nerve (sensory, sympathetic) – exit into inferior orbital fissure as continuation of the maxillary•Nerve of the pterygoid canal (sympathetic and
    parasympathetic)

– enter via the pterygoid canal the
combination of;
– Greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic)
– Deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic)

• Zygomatic nerve (sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic
postganglionic)
• Superior alveolar (sensory, parasympathetic postganglionic

NB2 (31 decks)

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