Info for Gross Lab Flashcards
Two most common bacteria responsible for hepatic abscesses in cattle?
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
2. Trueperella pyogenes
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease of sheep and goat caused by which bacteria?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Describe the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cats
Starvation → ↑ mobilization of FFA from fat stores & ↓ protein synthesis → ↑ synthesis of TG & ↓TG export–> fatty liver
*Decreased TG export is due to lack of apoprotein (decreased protein synthesis)
Causative agent of the black tortuous tracts and cysts in the liver case?
Fascioloides magna
Comparing dystrophic calcification and metastatic calcification:
Which occurs in areas of necrosis?
Dystrophic calcification
What type of calcification can occur in normal tissues when there’s hypercalcemia?
Metastatic calcification
Give 4 main causes for hypercalcemia
1) increased PTH
2) destruction of bone
3) Vitamin D related disorders
4) renal failure
End product of dystrophic calcification
calcium phosphate
Most common cause of lower UTIs and pyelonephritis in:
1) all species
2) Cattle and pigs
1) E. coli
2) Corynebacterium renale
Hallmark of chronic laminitis?
Displacement of P3
Give 3 different possible causes of laminitis
1) inflammatory/acute GI illness (colic)
2) Metabolic/endocrine (insulin resistance)
3) Traumatic events (excessive weight-bearing on one limb)
3 differential diagnoses for the spleen with nodules in parenchyma and on capsular surface (shih tzu-poodle cross)
Neoplastic disease (lymphoma)
Mycobacteria infection
Fungal infection (Aspergillosis)
Name two common etiologic agents of vegetative endocarditis in
1) Dogs
2) Cattle
1) E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp.
2) Streptococcus spp. Clostridium spp., Trueperella pyogenes
Name the valves that are most commonly affected by vegetative endocarditis (from most to least commonly affected)
Mitral > tricuspid > aortic and pulmonary
Causative agent of Johne’s disease in cattle?
Mycobacterium avium (subspecies paratuberculosis)
*MAP
Causative agent of “cobble stone” appearance in cattle abomasum
Ostertagia ostertagi
The most common ovarian neoplasm in mares?
Granulosa cell tumor
Most common primary liver tumor in dogs?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinomas are commonly found in which portion of the horse stomach?
the nonglandular gastric mucosa
What erythrocyte shape changes would be expected in a dog with hemangiosarcoma?
Acanthocytes
Schistocytes
1) Absence of anus
2) absence of tail
Atresia ani
Anury
Most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract usually seen in calves and pigs
Atresia ani
If ewes ingest this plant on the 14th day of gestation, it can lead to cyclopia in their offspring
Veratrum californicum (contains cyclopamine)
Term for having two symmetrical, independent, fully developed heads
Dicephaly
Term for having duplicated facial features on a SINGLE head
Diprosopus (craniofacial duplication)
Differentiate the causes for
1) Dicephaly
2) Craniofacial duplication
1) due to failed separation of monozygotic twins
2) due to overexpression of SHH protein (sonic hedgehog)
Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia occurs due to overgrowth of what type of bacteria?
Clostridium perfringens type D (produce epsilon toxin)
Name 2 important bacterial and viral agents of the BRD complex
Bacterial
1) Mannheimia haemolytica
2) Pasteurella multocida
Viral:
1) Parainfluenza-3
2) Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Name 2 causes of hepatic lipidosis that aren’t anorexia/starvation
1) inhibition of protein synthesis
2) Anemia
Congenital porphyria is a metabolic defect in _____ synthesis, cause by a deficiency of _______?
Heme synthesis;
Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase
