Info for Gross Lab

Question 1

Two most common bacteria responsible for hepatic abscesses in cattle?

Answer 1

1. Fusobacterium necrophorum

2. Trueperella pyogenes

Question 2

Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease of sheep and goat caused by which bacteria?

Answer 2

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 3

Describe the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cats

Answer 3

Starvation → ↑ mobilization of FFA from fat stores & ↓ protein synthesis → ↑ synthesis of TG & ↓TG export–> fatty liver

*Decreased TG export is due to lack of apoprotein (decreased protein synthesis)

Question 4

Causative agent of the black tortuous tracts and cysts in the liver case?

Answer 4

Fascioloides magna

Question 5

Comparing dystrophic calcification and metastatic calcification:
Which occurs in areas of necrosis?

Answer 5

Dystrophic calcification

Question 6

What type of calcification can occur in normal tissues when there’s hypercalcemia?

Answer 6

Metastatic calcification

Question 7

Give 4 main causes for hypercalcemia

Answer 7

1) increased PTH
2) destruction of bone
3) Vitamin D related disorders
4) renal failure

Question 8

End product of dystrophic calcification

Answer 8

calcium phosphate

Question 9

Most common cause of lower UTIs and pyelonephritis in:

1) all species
2) Cattle and pigs

Answer 9

1) E. coli

2) Corynebacterium renale

Question 10

Hallmark of chronic laminitis?

Answer 10

Displacement of P3

Question 11

Give 3 different possible causes of laminitis

Answer 11

1) inflammatory/acute GI illness (colic)
2) Metabolic/endocrine (insulin resistance)
3) Traumatic events (excessive weight-bearing on one limb)

Question 12

3 differential diagnoses for the spleen with nodules in parenchyma and on capsular surface (shih tzu-poodle cross)

Answer 12

Neoplastic disease (lymphoma)

Mycobacteria infection

Fungal infection (Aspergillosis)

Question 13

Name two common etiologic agents of vegetative endocarditis in

1) Dogs
2) Cattle

Answer 13

1) E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp.

2) Streptococcus spp. Clostridium spp., Trueperella pyogenes

Question 14

Name the valves that are most commonly affected by vegetative endocarditis (from most to least commonly affected)

Answer 14

Mitral > tricuspid > aortic and pulmonary

Question 15

Causative agent of Johne’s disease in cattle?

Answer 15

Mycobacterium avium (subspecies paratuberculosis)

*MAP

Question 16

Causative agent of “cobble stone” appearance in cattle abomasum

Answer 16

Ostertagia ostertagi

Question 17

The most common ovarian neoplasm in mares?

Answer 17

Granulosa cell tumor

Question 18

Most common primary liver tumor in dogs?

Answer 18

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 19

Squamous cell carcinomas are commonly found in which portion of the horse stomach?

Answer 19

the nonglandular gastric mucosa

Question 20

What erythrocyte shape changes would be expected in a dog with hemangiosarcoma?

Answer 20

Acanthocytes

Schistocytes

Question 21

1) Absence of anus

2) absence of tail

Answer 21

Atresia ani

Anury

Question 22

Most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract usually seen in calves and pigs

Answer 22

Atresia ani

Question 23

If ewes ingest this plant on the 14th day of gestation, it can lead to cyclopia in their offspring

Answer 23

Veratrum californicum (contains cyclopamine)

Question 24

Term for having two symmetrical, independent, fully developed heads

Answer 24

Dicephaly

Question 25

Term for having duplicated facial features on a SINGLE head

Answer 25

Diprosopus (craniofacial duplication)

Question 26

Differentiate the causes for

1) Dicephaly
2) Craniofacial duplication

Answer 26

1) due to failed separation of monozygotic twins

2) due to overexpression of SHH protein (sonic hedgehog)

Question 27

Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia occurs due to overgrowth of what type of bacteria?

Answer 27

Clostridium perfringens type D (produce epsilon toxin)

Question 28

Name 2 important bacterial and viral agents of the BRD complex

Answer 28

Bacterial

1) Mannheimia haemolytica
2) Pasteurella multocida

Viral:

1) Parainfluenza-3
2) Bovine Rhinotracheitis

Question 29

Name 2 causes of hepatic lipidosis that aren’t anorexia/starvation

Answer 29

1) inhibition of protein synthesis

2) Anemia

Question 30

Congenital porphyria is a metabolic defect in _____ synthesis, cause by a deficiency of _______?

Answer 30

Heme synthesis;

Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase