Info for Gross Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Two most common bacteria responsible for hepatic abscesses in cattle?

A
  1. Fusobacterium necrophorum

2. Trueperella pyogenes

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2
Q

Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is a disease of sheep and goat caused by which bacteria?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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3
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cats

A

Starvation → ↑ mobilization of FFA from fat stores & ↓ protein synthesis → ↑ synthesis of TG & ↓TG export–> fatty liver

*Decreased TG export is due to lack of apoprotein (decreased protein synthesis)

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4
Q

Causative agent of the black tortuous tracts and cysts in the liver case?

A

Fascioloides magna

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5
Q

Comparing dystrophic calcification and metastatic calcification:
Which occurs in areas of necrosis?

A

Dystrophic calcification

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6
Q

What type of calcification can occur in normal tissues when there’s hypercalcemia?

A

Metastatic calcification

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7
Q

Give 4 main causes for hypercalcemia

A

1) increased PTH
2) destruction of bone
3) Vitamin D related disorders
4) renal failure

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8
Q

End product of dystrophic calcification

A

calcium phosphate

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9
Q

Most common cause of lower UTIs and pyelonephritis in:

1) all species
2) Cattle and pigs

A

1) E. coli

2) Corynebacterium renale

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10
Q

Hallmark of chronic laminitis?

A

Displacement of P3

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11
Q

Give 3 different possible causes of laminitis

A

1) inflammatory/acute GI illness (colic)
2) Metabolic/endocrine (insulin resistance)
3) Traumatic events (excessive weight-bearing on one limb)

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12
Q

3 differential diagnoses for the spleen with nodules in parenchyma and on capsular surface (shih tzu-poodle cross)

A

Neoplastic disease (lymphoma)

Mycobacteria infection

Fungal infection (Aspergillosis)

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13
Q

Name two common etiologic agents of vegetative endocarditis in

1) Dogs
2) Cattle

A

1) E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Streptococcus spp.

2) Streptococcus spp. Clostridium spp., Trueperella pyogenes

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14
Q

Name the valves that are most commonly affected by vegetative endocarditis (from most to least commonly affected)

A

Mitral > tricuspid > aortic and pulmonary

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15
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s disease in cattle?

A

Mycobacterium avium (subspecies paratuberculosis)

*MAP

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16
Q

Causative agent of “cobble stone” appearance in cattle abomasum

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

17
Q

The most common ovarian neoplasm in mares?

A

Granulosa cell tumor

18
Q

Most common primary liver tumor in dogs?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

19
Q

Squamous cell carcinomas are commonly found in which portion of the horse stomach?

A

the nonglandular gastric mucosa

20
Q

What erythrocyte shape changes would be expected in a dog with hemangiosarcoma?

A

Acanthocytes

Schistocytes

21
Q

1) Absence of anus

2) absence of tail

A

Atresia ani

Anury

22
Q

Most common congenital defect of the lower GI tract usually seen in calves and pigs

A

Atresia ani

23
Q

If ewes ingest this plant on the 14th day of gestation, it can lead to cyclopia in their offspring

A

Veratrum californicum (contains cyclopamine)

24
Q

Term for having two symmetrical, independent, fully developed heads

25
Term for having duplicated facial features on a SINGLE head
Diprosopus (craniofacial duplication)
26
Differentiate the causes for 1) Dicephaly 2) Craniofacial duplication
1) due to failed separation of monozygotic twins | 2) due to overexpression of SHH protein (sonic hedgehog)
27
Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia occurs due to overgrowth of what type of bacteria?
Clostridium perfringens type D (produce epsilon toxin)
28
Name 2 important bacterial and viral agents of the BRD complex
Bacterial 1) Mannheimia haemolytica 2) Pasteurella multocida Viral: 1) Parainfluenza-3 2) Bovine Rhinotracheitis
29
Name 2 causes of hepatic lipidosis that aren't anorexia/starvation
1) inhibition of protein synthesis | 2) Anemia
30
Congenital porphyria is a metabolic defect in _____ synthesis, cause by a deficiency of _______?
Heme synthesis; Uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase