influecnes Flashcards
Family influences
Family influences that can create vunrability to addiction is adolescents who believe their parents have little Intrest in monitoring their behaviour , significantly more Liikley to develop an addiction
Exposure within family life to substance/behaviour creates risk of developing an addiction .
Social learning theory could play a role
Induvidual could observe family element (role model) engaging in behaviour Imatate behaviour as they identify with them and want to be like them
Family influences Ao3
RTS family influences as risk factor for addiction comes from madras et al
Studied families with adolsocentcest where parent used cannabis
Found strong positive correlation between parents use of cannabis and adolescents use of cannabis , nicotine, alcohol and opioids
Supports that adolescents perceived parents were accepting of drug use so went in to use drug themselves
Increasing validity of family influences as risk factors for addiction
Peers
Peers influence Induviduals development during adolescence as they spend more time with them and
Some psychologist argue peers may act as a gateway to addictive behaviour
O connel et al suggest adolescents are at risk of developing alcohol addiction due to influences of peers and 3 majors elements
3 elements of addiction
Attitudes and norms - alcohol can be influenced by associating with group of peers who drink alcohol (NSI and ISJ)
Opportunities to drink alcohol - peers provide more Opportunities
Individual perception - may overestimate how much peers drink
Peers Ao3 limitation
Limitation of peers as risk factor for addiction based on correlational research where cause and effect cannot be established
Research shown link between risk factors such as peers and addiction but often does not show which one came first
E.g could be addiction causes induvidual to seek out peers who share same addictive behaviour
Rather than peer and norms making them engage in addictive behaviour
Research lacks internal validity as it does allow us to conclude peers do make someone more at risk of addiction
Stress
People who experience stress may turn to addictive behaviours or substances as a form of self medication
Periods of chronic long lasting stress and traumatic life event in childhood have been linked with increased risk of developing an addiction
Stress Anderson and Teicher
Found early experience of severe stress have damaging effects in young brain in sensitive period of development
And can create vulnerability to later stress meaning they will self medicate with addictive substances or behaviours
Stress Ao3 limitation
Research into stress as risk factor often asked on correlational research where cause and effect cannot be established
E.g could be that addiction causes an induvidual to become stressed rather than stress causing the addiction
Thus research lack internal validity as it doesn’t not allow us to conclude that stress does make someone more vunreble to addiction
