Inflammatory Myopathies

Question 1

antibodies of T1DM

Answer 1

• ICA positive • Anti-GAD

positive • ICA 512 positive

Question 2

T2DM TESTING

Waist circumference >80 cm (females) and >90 cm
(males), or Waist-hip ratio (WHR) of >1 for males
and >0.85 for females

Answer 2

T

Question 3

A 75-gram OGTT is preferred as the rst test in the following individuals who have: (Grade B, Level 3)

Answer 3

• A previous FBS showing Impaired Fasting Glucose (100 to 125 mg/dL or 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)
• Previous diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease (Coronary Artery Disease, Stroke, Peripheral Arteriovascular Disease) or who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
• A diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome

Question 4

The criteria for pre-diabetes is:

Answer 4

• Impaired Fasting Glucose de ned as FBS of 5.6
mmol/L (100 mg/dL) up to 125 mg/dL or 6.9 mmol/L (Grade B, Level 2)

Impaired Glucose Tolerance: casual blood glucose of 7.7 up to 11.0 mmol/L (140-199 mg/dL) OR 2-hr blood sugar in the 75-gm OGTT equal to 7.7 (140 mg/dL) up to 11.0 mmol/L (199 mg/dL) (Grade B, Level 2)

Question 5

Normal blood is sugar is de ned as:

Answer 5

• An FBS <5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL), or
• Random/casual blood glucose <7.7 (140 mg/dL),
or
• 2-hr blood sugar in the 75-gm OGTT <7.7 (140
mg/dL) (Grade B, Level 2)

Question 6

Testing should be considered in all adults >40 yo
• Consider earlier testing if with at least one other risk
factor as follows:

Answer 6

History of IGT or IFG
o History of GDM or delivery of a baby weighing 8 lbs
or above
o Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
o Overweight: Body Mass Index (BMI)2 of >23 kg/m2
or Obese: BMI of >25 kg/m2, or
o Waist circumference >80 cm (females) and >90 cm
(males), or Waist-hip ratio (WHR) of >1 for males
and >0.85 for females
o First degree relative with Type 2 diabetes
o Sedentary lifestyle
o Hypertension (BP >140/90 mm Hg)
oDiagnosisorhistoryofanyvasculardiseasesinclud-
ing stroke, peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
coronary artery disease
o Acanthosis nigricans
o Schizophrenia
o Serum HDL <35 mg/dL (0.9 mmol/L) and/or
o Serum Triglycerides >250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L)

Question 7

Routine testing for gestational diabetes is recommended at 24 to 28 weeks age of gestation for women with no risk factors

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Which tests should be used to screen pregnant women for gestational diabetes?

Answer 8

An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), preferably the 75-g OGTT, should be used to screen for gestational diabetes

Question 9

What criteria will be used to interpret the 75-g OGTT?

Answer 9

FBS 92
1-hour 180
2-hour 153
3-hour NA

Question 10

glucosuria

defined as trace glucose of

Answer 10

75 to >250 mg/dL

Question 11

How should we follow up women who develop diabetes during pregnancy?

Answer 11

A 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test should be done 6–12 weeks after delivery in GDM women who do not have diabetes immediately postpartum.

Question 12

After GDM, _____ of women develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years

Answer 12

35–60%

Question 13

Post partum data indicates that only 34% of the women with IGT or type 2 diabetes had impaired fasting glucose and that 44% of those with type 2 diabetes had fasting levels <100 mg/day (<5.5 mmol/l).

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Without such data, it is recommended that after initial postpartum testing, an oral glucose tolerance test should be repeated in 1 year and, at a minimum, every 3 years thereafter.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

The CANDI- Manila showed that as much as ____ of newly diagnosed Filipino diabetics has proteinuria by routine urinalysis.

Answer 15

42%

Question 16

Candidates for screening with stress testing are patients with a history of peripheral or carotid arterial disease and those over age 35 who have a sedentary lifestyle and are planning to begin a vigorous exercise program (Grade C, Level 3).

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

In the UKPDS, microvascular endpoints (including retinopathy and nephropathy) decreased by 37% with each 1% absolute reduction in HbA1c, with no threshold observed

Answer 17

true

Question 18

pre-meal self-monitoring levels remain well controlled (<7.0 mmol/litre or 126 mg/dL)

Answer 18

t

Question 19

In order to achieve A1C of 7.0%, people with diabetes should aim for2:
o An FPG or preprandial PG target of 4.0 to 7.0
mmol/L (72 to 126 mg/dl) [Grade B, Level 21, for type 1; Grade B, Level 22,3, for type 2 diabetes]; and
o A 2-hour postprandial PG target of 5.0 to 10.0 mmol/L (90 to 180 mg/dL) [Grade B, Level 21, for type 1 diabetes; Grade B, Level 22,3, for type 2 diabetes].
• Alternatively,capilarybloodglucosetargetscanbe: FBS 90-130 mg/dL (ADA), PPBG <180 (ADA)

Answer 19

t

Question 20

Conditions that de ne complicated UTI

Answer 20

Presenceofanindwellingurinarycatheterorintermittentcatheterization
• Incomplete emptying of the bladder with >100 ml retained urine post-
voiding
• Impaired voiding due to neurogenic bladder, cystocoele
• Obstructive uropathy due to bladder outlet obstruction, calculus,
urethral or ureteric strictures, tumors
• Vesicoureteral re ux & other urologic abnormalities including surgically
created abnormalities
• Chemical or radiation injuries of the uroepithelium
• Peri- or post-operative UTI
• Azotemia due to intrinsic renal disease
• Renal transplantation
• Diabetes mellitus
• Immunosuppressive conditions – e.g. febrile neutropenia, HIV-AIDS
• UTI caused by unusual pathogens (M. tuberculosis, Candida spp.)
• UTI caused by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs)
• UTI in males except in young males presenting exclusively with lower
UTI symptoms
• Urosepsis