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Rheumatology Harrison's > IMMUNOLOGY > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are located on a 4-megabase region on chromosome .

A

6

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2
Q

The major function of the MHC complex genes is to produce proteins that are important in developing immunologic specificity through their role in ____________

A

binding antigen for presentation to T cell

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3
Q

Passive intradermal transfer of serum of a patient with anaphylaxis to a normal person followed by an antigen challenge on the same site shows the appearance of wheal and flare reaction at the site

A

Prausnitz-Kustner reaction

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4
Q

Recently evolved system of immune responses mediated by T and B lymphocytes

  • Immune responses by these cells are based on specific antigen recognition by clonotypic receptors
  • include various types of antigenpresenting cells.
A

Adaptive immune system

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5
Q

B cell- Produced molecules encoded by genes that rearrange during B cell development

consisting of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains that together form the central component of the B cell receptor for antigen

A

Antibody

Antibody can exist as B cell–surface antigen-recognition molecules or as secreted molecules in plasma and other body fluids

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6
Q

foreign or self-molecules that are recognized by the adaptive and innate immune systems resulting in immune cell triggering, T cell activation, and/or B cell antibody production

A

Antigens

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7
Q

Small peptides <100 amino acids in length that are produced by cells of the innate immune system and have anti-infectious agent activity

A

Antimicrobial peptides

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8
Q

the process of programmed cell death whereby signaling through various “death receptors” on the surface of cells (e.g., tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptors, CD95) leads to a signaling cascade that involves activation of the caspase family of molecules and leads to DNA cleavage and cell death.

A

Apoptosis

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9
Q

________ which does not lead to induction of inordinate inflammation, is to be contrasted with _______, which does lead to induction of inflammatory responses.

A

Apoptosis, which does not lead to induction of inordinate inflammation, is to be contrasted with cell necrosis, which does lead to induction of inflammatory responses.

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10
Q

bone marrow-derived or bursal-equivalent lymphocytes that express surface immunoglobulin (the B cell receptor for antigen) and secrete specific antibody after interaction with antigen.

A

B lymphocytes

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11
Q

soluble molecules that direct and determine immune cell movement and circulation pathways.

A

Chemokines

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12
Q

cascading series of plasma enzymes and effector proteins whose function is to lyse pathogens and/or target them to be phagocytized by neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

A

Complement

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13
Q

molecules of antigen-presenting cells (such as B7-1 and B7-2 or CD40) that lead to T cell activation when bound by ligands on activated T cells (such as CD28 or CD40 ligand).

A

Co-stimulatory molecules

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14
Q

soluble proteins that interact with specific cellular receptors that are involved in the regulation of the growth and activation of immune cells and mediate normal and pathologic inflammatory and immune responses.

A

Cytokines—

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15
Q

myeloid and/or lymphoid lineage antigen-presenting cells of the adaptive immune system

A

Dendritic cells

Dendritic cells are key initiators both of innate immune responses via cytokine production and of adaptive immune responses via presentation of antigen to T lymphocytes.

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16
Q

receptors found on the surface of certain cells including B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells.

A

Ig Fc receptors

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17
Q

large cytoplasmic complexes of intracellular proteins that link the sensing of microbial products and cellular stress to the proteolytic activation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 inflammatory cytokines

A

Inflammasome

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18
Q

Cells of the innate immune system include natural killer cell lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, tissue mast cells, and epithelial cells.

A

T

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19
Q

lymphocytes of the innate immune system with azurophilic cytotoxic granules that have natural killer cell activity capable of killing foreign and host cells with few or no self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules

A

Large granular lymphocytes

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20
Q

arge granular lymphocytes that kill target cells expressing few or no human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules

A

• Natural killer (NK) cells—

express receptors that inhibit killer cell function when self-MHC class I is present.

21
Q

Large granular lymphocytes that kill target cells expressing few or no human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules

A

• Natural killer (NK) cells—

express receptors that inhibit killer cell function when self-MHC class I is present.

22
Q

innate-like lymphocytes that use an invariant T cell receptor (TCR)-α chain combined with a limited set of TCR-β chains and coexpress receptors commonly found on NK cells. NK T cells recognize lipid antigens of bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infectious agents.

A

NK T cells

NK T cells recognize lipid antigens of bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infectious agents.

23
Q

Invariant molecular structures expressed by large groups of microorganisms that are recognized by host cellular pattern recognition receptors in the mediation of innate immunity.

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

24
Q

preexisting low-affinity antibodies produced by B cells that cross-react with multiple antigens and are available at the time of infection to bind to and coat the invading pathogen and harness innate responses to slow the infection until an adaptive high-affinity protective antibody response can be made.

A

Polyreactive natural antibodies

25
Q

state of T cells when the persistence of antigen disrupts memory T cell function, resulting in defects in memory T cell responses. Most frequently occurs in malignancies and in chronic viral infections such as HIV-1 and hepatitis C

A

T cell exhaustion

26
Q

CD4 T cells in B cell follicle germinal centers that produce IL-4 and IL-21 and drive B cell development and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues such as lymph node and spleen.

A

T follicular helper T cells (Tfh)

27
Q

CD4 T cells that secrete IL-17, IL-22, and IL-26 and play roles in autoimmune inflammatory disorders as well as defend against bacterial and fungal pathogens.

A

T H 17 T cells

28
Q

—thymus-derived lymphocytes that mediate adaptive cellular immune responses including T helper, T regulatory, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector cell functions.

A

T lymphocytes

29
Q

Developmental failure of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch with 22q11 deletion

A

Di George Syndrome

30
Q

Lack of thymus (T cell deficiency)
Hypocalcemia (lack of parathyroids)
abnormality of heart, great vessels and face

A

Di George Syndrome

31
Q

Defective cell mediated (T cell) and humoral immunity (B cells)

  • MHC Class II deficiency
  • cytokine receptor defects (maturation)
  • adenosine deaminase deficiency
A

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

32
Q

MHC Class II deficiency is recognised by

A

CD4+

33
Q

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

A

No T cells: fungal and viral infections

No B cells: bacterial and protozoal infections

34
Q

Complete lack of immunoglobulin

Naive B cells cannot mature to plasma cells

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

35
Q

MUTATION IN X-linked agammaglobulinemia

A

Bruton tyrosine kinase

36
Q

bacteria, enterovirus and giardia

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

37
Q

Low immunoglobulin due to B cell or T helper B cell or helper T cells

inclreased risk for autoimmune and lymphomta

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

38
Q

Low serum and musosal IGa

INCREASED RISK FOR mucosal infections esp virally

A

IgA deficiency

39
Q

Thromocytopenia
Eczema
recurent infections

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

40
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome due to what gene mutation?

A

WASP X-linked

41
Q

Complement C5-c9 deficiency increases risk for

A

Neisseria

42
Q

C1 inhibitor deficiency

A

Hereditary angioedema

43
Q

What hypersensitivity reaction is Sjorgen’s syndrome

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

44
Q

Anti-SSA anti SS-B in Sjorgen’s target is

A

RNP

45
Q

Arthritis associated with Sjorgen’s syndrome

Increased risk of what cancer?

A

RA

Increased risk for B cell lymphoma

46
Q

Diffuse type Scleroderma

A

Scl 70

47
Q

Most commonly involved organ in Scleroderma

A

Esophagus

48
Q

Localized type Scleroderma

CREST

A 
C alcinosis, anti centromere antibodies
Raynaud's 
esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiesctasia

Rheumatology Harrison's (12 decks)

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