Inflammatory Conditions

Question 1

Most Inflammatory Conditions Originate

Answer 1

via blood stream

Question 2

acute infection/ inflammation of meninges → inflammation of arachnoid and pia & infection CSF

Answer 2

Meningitis

Question 3

Most Common Types of Meningitis

Answer 3

Viral/ Bacterial

Question 4

Meningitis is usually associated with

Answer 4

upper respiratory infection

smokers, dorms, imun deficient, chronic disease, elderly

Question 5

purulent secretions- spread to brain via csf→ cell death, cerebrall edema & increased intracranial pressure (IICP)

Answer 5

Bacterial Meningitis

Question 6

80% of all Bacterial Meningitis cases are caused by….

Answer 6

streptococcus pneumonia and neisseria meningitides

Question 7

The least cases of Bacterial Meningitis occur …

The only safe season is…

Answer 7

in the summer (summer is the safest)

Question 8

The 1st s/s of Bacterial Meningitis

Answer 8

Severe Progressive HA

Other s/s include: Fever, N/V, skin rash and petechial (meningeal cocyl)

Question 9

Classic Signs of Bacterial Meningitis

Answer 9

Nuchal Rigidity
+Brudzinski Sign (B for Bend)
+Kernig (K for kinked legs)

–>(d/t meninge irritation)

Question 10

Nuchal Rigidity

Answer 10

early sign→ neck stiff & painful with neck flexion

Question 11

Positive Brudzinski’s Sign

Answer 11

examiner flexes patient’s neck & knees flex

Question 12

Positive Kernig

Answer 12

laying down, hip flexed, cannot extend knee

Question 13

Complications of Bacterial Meningitis

Answer 13

IICP (Increased intracranial pressure)
DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation
Shock

Question 14

IICP (Increased intracranial pressure) with Cranial nerve (CN 2) involvement

Answer 14

optic nerve: photophobia (very common) blindness, hemianopsia

Question 15

hemianopsia

Answer 15

decreased vision or blindness in half the visual field of one or both eyes, usually on one side of the vertical midline

Question 16

IICP with Cranial nerves (CN 3,4,6) involvement

Answer 16

ptosis, diplopia

Question 17

Eyelid drooping is excess sagging of the upper eylid

Answer 17

ptosis

Question 18

diplopia

Answer 18

double vision

Question 19

IICP with Cranial nerve (CN 8 ) involvement

Answer 19

acoustic nerve: tinnitus, vertigo, deaf (may be permanent)

Question 20

IICP with Cranial nerve (CN 3 ) involvement

Answer 20

occulomotor: pupils dilated/ sluggish

Question 21

DIC

Answer 21

countless small clots formation→ slowed blood flow→ **depleted platelets → risk for bleeding **

Question 22

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Answer 22

severe vascular dysfunction (shock)

Question 23

Dexamethasone

Answer 23

reduces mortality and hearing loss; decreases/ combats cerebral edema in bacterial meningitis

Question 24

acyclovir

Answer 24

Antiviral for Encephalitis

HSV Viral encephalitis)

Question 25

localized collections of pus within the brain tissue

Answer 25

Brain Abscess

Question 26

Temporal Lobe Encephalitis –>

Answer 26

visual field deficits, receptive aphasia

Question 27

Occipital Lobe Encephalitis

Answer 27

visual impairment

Question 28

Frontal Lobe Encephalitis

Answer 28

expressive aphasia, motor weakness

Question 29

Cerebellar Encephalitis

Answer 29

ataxia