Inflammation, Wounds, and Pressure Ulcers part 2

Question 1

Inflammatory Response: Fever

What is the onset triggered by?

Answer 1

the release of cytokines, especially PGs

Question 2

What do PGs especially cytokines do to get a fever going?

Answer 2

PGs: tell hypothalamus to raise set point
-hypothalamus tells ANS to shiver, reduce sweating, reduce peripheral blood flow
-epinephrine increases metabolic rate
-body increases heat production and conservation to reach set point
-body is hot yet person feels chilled and seeks warmth to reach set point
-

Question 3

What are the beneficial defense mechanisms that fever triggers?

Answer 3

• increased killing of microorganisms
• increased phagocytosis
• increased proliferation of T cells
• increased interferon activity

Question 4

What are some ways to promote health during inflammation?

Answer 4

• prevention of injury (infection, trauma, surgery, and contact with potentially harmful age)
• adequate nutrition and hydration
• early recognition of inflammation (so you can rest or get medication)
• immediate treatment

Question 5

Acute care management:

What are the classic manifestations of inflammation?

Answer 5

malaise or “just not feeling well” (immunosuppressed = corticosteriod use, chemotherapy)

Question 6

Explain the 3 aspects of fever management in acute care.

Answer 6

• determine cause
• administer antipyretic or antibiotic
• monitor for seizures or delirium (>104)

Question 7

What do antipyretics do for a patient?

Answer 7

-relieve stress to the patient and provide comfort

Question 8

What type of response does someone taking corticosteroids or an older adult have to fever?

Answer 8

• blunted response to fever

- illness may be severe (but the older adult/ person on steroids will have a blunted response)

Question 9

If a patient has had antipyretics what other treatment can be performed to lower body temperature?

Answer 9

sponge bath

cooling blankets

Question 10

Why wont a sponge bath or cooling blankets work without antipyretics?

Answer 10

because shivering is the body’s way of increasing body heat

Question 11

Drug Therapy Inflammation:

Antipyretic

Answer 11

Acetaminophen
Salicylates (Aspirin)
NSAIDS

Question 12

Drug Therapy Inflammation:

Antiinflammatory

Answer 12

Salicylates (Aspirin)
NSAIDS
Corticosteroids

Question 13

Inhibit synthesis of PGs. Lower temperature by action on heat-regulating center in hypothalamus, resulting in peripheral vasodilation and heat loss

Answer 13

Salicylates (Aspirin)

NSAIDS

Question 14

Interfere with tissue granulation, induce immunosuppressive effects (decreased lymphocyte synthesis), prevent liberation of lysosomes

Answer 14

corticosteriods

Question 15

Inhibit synthesis of PGs

Answer 15

NSAIDs