DM part 4

Question 1

What is T2DM formerly known as?

Answer 1

adult-onset or non-insulin dependent

Question 2

What is the most prevalent type of DM?

Answer 2

type 2

Question 3

What are some risk factors for T2DM?

Answer 3

overweight
obesity
advanced age
family history

Question 4

Why is there an increase in prevalence of children?

Answer 4

due to obesity

Question 5

What ethnic populations have a greater prevalence of T2DM?

Answer 5

african americans
asian americans
hispanic 
native hawaiians 
other pacific islanders 
native americans

Question 6

With T2DM the pancreas continues to produce some endogenous (self made) insulin but what two things are happening?

Answer 6

-not enough insulin is produced
and/or
the body does not use the insulin efficiently

Question 7

What is the biggest difference between T1DM and T2DM?

Answer 7

T1DM has to have endogenous insulin

Question 8

What are the 5 ways T2DM is genetically linked?

Answer 8

1. insulin resistance
2. decreased insulin production by pancreas
3. inappropriate hepatic glucose production
4. altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissue (adipokines)
5. research continues on role of brain, kidneys, and gut in type 2 diabetes

Question 9

For T2DM (Genetic link) there is an insulin resistance for what reason?

Answer 9

because insulin receptors are unresponsive to the action of insulin and/or insufficient in number

Question 10

Where are most insulin receptors located?

Answer 10

skeletal muscle
fat
liver cells

Question 11

T2DM:

when insulin is not properly used the entry of glucose into the cell is impeded. What does this result in?

Answer 11

the entry of glucose into the cell is impeded resulting in hyperglycemia

Question 12

What is metabolic syndrome and what does it increase the chance of?

Answer 12

Metabolic syndrome: elevated glucose, abdominal obesity, elevated BP, high levels of triglycerides , and decreased levels of HDL’s

• a person with 3 or more of these are considered to have metabolic syndrome
• metabolic syndrome increases the risk for T2DM

Question 13

What does the onset of T2DM look like?

Answer 13

-gradual onset
-hyperglycemia may go on for years without being detected
-often discovered with routine laboratory testing
, the average person has had diabetes for 6.5 years by the time they discover it

Question 14

What are the clinical manifestations of T1DM?

Answer 14

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia 
weight loss 
weakness
fatigue 
ketoacidosis

Question 15

What are the clinical manifestations of T2DM?

Answer 15

• classic symptoms of T1DM may manifest (Poly’s)
• fatigue
• recurrent infections
• recurrent vaginal yeast or candidal infection
• prolonged wound healing
• visual problems