Inflammation and Mediators Flashcards
ER
Site where proteins are synthesized
Golgi
Site where secreted proteins are converted to their final forms and packaged for secretion
What is the structural basis of TLR?
Multiple extracellular leucine rich modules
What is the connection between macrophages and CRP?
Macrophages secrete IL-6–> induces synthesis of fibrinogen by hepatocytes–> activates Jak kinas–> increase in CRP
Fc receptors
Bind IgG and enhance phagocytosis
How is nitric oxide made
INOS catalyzes the conversion of arginine to citrulline
Elastase
- One of the most important enzymes in neutrophils
- Broad spectrum serine protease
- Required for killing many types of bacteria
What do Natural Killer cells express?
CD16 (Fc receptor for IgG) and CD56
What types of cells do NK cells recognize?
- cells coated with Fc IgG
- Cells infected with viruses
- cells lacking MHC class I (tumor)
Classical pathway
- Antibody dependent
- Plasma protein C1q detects antibodies bound to surface of microbe or another structure
- Once C1q binds to the Fc portion, two associated serine proteases, C1r and C1s become active and initiate a proteolytic cascade
Alternative pathway
- Not antibody mediated
- Triggered when C3 recognizes certain microbial structures such as bacterial LPS, leading to cleavage to C3b and C3a
Which complement components lead to increased vascular permeability?
- C3a and C5a
Which complement component has chemotactic ability?
- C5a
Which complement can opsonize?
- C3a
How does the MAC complex become formed?
- C5b binds C6 and C7
- They become a high affinity receptor for C8
- C9 binds to C5b-8 to form the fully active MAC
- MAC forms pores in plasma membranes in cells its deposited on–> entry of water–> osmotic swelling and cell rupture
