Inflammation

Question 1

a protective response to rid the body of the cause of cell injury and the resultant necrotic cells that cell injury processes

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

cells involved in inflammation

Answer 2

• leukocytes
• endothelial cells
• cells and the ECM surrounding the tissue
• plasma proteins

Question 3

rapid onset, last for minutes to days

Answer 3

acute inflammation

Question 4

longer time course (days to years), involves different ell types

Answer 4

chronic inflammation

Question 5

5 signs and symptoms

Answer 5

• calor
• rubor
• tumor
• dolor
• loss of function

Question 6

causes of acute inflammation

Answer 6

Trauma
Infection
physical and chemical agents
foreign bodies
immune reactions
necrosis

Question 7

stages of acute inflammation

Answer 7

Vasodilation
increase vascular permeability
movement of WBC from blood vessels to soft tissue of the site of inflammation

Question 8

mediators of vasodilation

Answer 8

histamine, prostaglandins, nitric oxide

Question 9

what are the cells involve in histamine

Answer 9

mast cells, basophils, platelets

Question 10

responsible for the pain and fever

Answer 10

prostaglandin

Question 11

hallmark

Answer 11

increase vascular permeability

Question 12

mediators of increase vascular permeability

Answer 12

histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes c4, d4 and e4

Question 13

vasoconstrictor, chemotactic factors that cause bronchospasms (asthma attack)

Answer 13

leukotrienes

Question 14

process of increase in vascular permeability

Answer 14

retraction of endothelial cells, damage to endothelial cells and transcytosis

Question 15

steps in movement of WBC..

Answer 15

rolling
pavementing
transmigration

Question 16

process by which WBC are drawn to the site of inflammation

Answer 16

chemotaxis

Question 17

mediators in movement..

Answer 17

exogenous- bacterial polysaccharides

endogenous- leukotrienes, interleukin-8, b4, c5a

Question 18

role of leukocytes

Answer 18

recognize foreign particles through mannose and scavengers receptors

Question 19

particles that bind foreign material and signal leukocytes to remove it

Answer 19

opsonins

Question 20

types of opsonins

Answer 20

• igG
• c3b
• collectins

Question 21

exudation of serum and seen in viral infection and burn

Answer 21

Serous

Question 22

protein poor fluid

Answer 22

Transudate

Question 23

specific gravity of transudate

Question 24

protein-rich fluid

Answer 24

Exudate

Question 25

specific gravity of exudate

Answer 25

>1.020

Question 26

content of purulent inflammation

Answer 26

neutrophils, protein, necrotic cells and bacteria

Question 27

where do purulent infection seen?

Answer 27

bacterial infection and fungal infection

Question 28

outcomes of AI

Answer 28

``` Resolution abcess formation ulcer fistula formation scar ```

Question 29

inciting agent was removed, the organ affected must be capable of regeneration

Answer 29

resolution

Question 30

walled of collection of pus (necrotic debris and neutrophils)

Answer 30

abcess formation

Question 31

loss of mucosa and deeper tissues

Answer 31

ulcer

Question 32

only the mucosa is lost

Answer 32

erosion

Question 33

layers of ulcers

Answer 33

fibrin (necrotic debris) neutrophils granulation tissue fibrosis

Question 34

location of ulcer

Answer 34

GIT ( stomach and duodenum)

Question 35

anomalous patent connection

Answer 35

fistula

Question 36

complications of ulcer

Answer 36

pain, hemorrhage, perforation

Question 37

complications of fistula

Answer 37

infections can enter other organs, massive hemmorhage

Question 38

complications of abcess formation

Answer 38

pain, fever, rupture and swelling

Question 39

replacement of lost parenchyma with disorganized connective tissue

Answer 39

scar formation